A Study of the Relationship between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Road Accidents among Truck Drivers
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Fatigue driving is a leading cause of traffic fatalities and injuries in China, especially among heavy truck drivers. The present study tried to examine which and how factors within the human-vehicle-roadway-environment system contribute to the occurrence of crashes involving fatigued truck drivers.To reduce such risk on the road, a total of 9168 crashes which occurred in Jiangxi and Shaanxi between 2003 and 2014 were selected to measure the effects of potential factors on fatigue related truck crashes using a case control study. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between crash risk and independent factors, and a stepwise logistic regression model was developed to determine the significant risk factors. According to the data analysis results, driver's gender, age, driving experience, and overspeeding behavior, vehicle's commercial status, overloading conditions and brake performance, road's type, slippery pavement and existence of sharp curve and long steep grade, and time of day, season, weather and visibility conditions, etc. were identified to be significantly associated with fatigue related truck crashes on Jiangxi and Shaanxi highways. Moreover, it is found that (a) in Jiangxi, an employed truck driver has a higher risk of crash involving multi-vehicles or a passenger car at bridge locations, and (b) in Shaanxi, the adult, tunnel location, summer and winter days prohibit statistically significant association with the occurrence of multi-vehicle and single-vehicle run-off-road/rollover crashes.Young employed male truck drivers with less experience are at high risk, especially while driving across sharp curves, down long steep grades, over bridge or through tunnels, during the midnight period, on rainy, snowy or foggy days in rural areas. All these help recommend potential policy initiatives as well as effective safety promotion strategies at the public health scale for professional truck drivers.
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Background: Egypt is ranked the third country in the world with highest mortality rates due to road traffic accidents.The commonest cause of accidents was inattention of the driver.Driver inattention can be caused by practicing any activity other than driving or by sleepiness.Sleep at wheels can be caused by poor sleep habits, shift work, sleep disordered breathing, other sleep disorders as chronic insomnia, illicit drug abuse and medical disorders. Methods:A cross sectional study including 324 male commercial drivers.The following data was collected history of accidents, the driving behavior including mean daily driving hours mean driving years mean daily sleep duration, shift work, seat belt, tea/coffee while driving and driving after meals.The sleepiness was assessed by history of excessive daytime sleepiness, Epworth sleepiness scale, Functional outcome of sleep questionnaire, chronic insomnia, nodded while driving, naps, risk for obstructive sleep apnea and history of comorbidities.Assessment of urine tetra hydrocanabinol (the major active ingredient in marijuana and hashish) was done.Driver's characteristic included education level, vehicle type license class road and nature of work.Results: Prevalence of ever exposure to accidents is 25%.Independent predictors of accidents were urine THC (OR=5.3),nodding during driving (OR=4.6),Berlin questionnaire (OR=2.5),STOP Bang questionnaire (OR=1.5),FOSQ (OR= 0.9), mean daily total sleep hours (continuous) (OR=0.9). Conclusion:Accidents were common among studied group of drivers.It is recommended to screen drivers for urine THC, identify nodding during driving, Berlin questionnaire, STOP Bang questionnaire, FOSQ and mean daily total sleep hours to predict the driver with high risk of the sleep related accidents.
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Research question: What are the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident cases? Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of road traffic cases coming to hospital. 2. To know the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident cases. Study design: Descriptive study. Setting: Study was performed in Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Hospital, Pondicherry. Participants: 726 road traffic victims reported in one year period. Study variables: Demographic characteristics of the victims, time, day and month of accidents. Type of accidents, vehicle involved in accidents etc. Statistical analysis: Proportions. Results: There were 83% male and 17% female accident victims. Labourers were the highest (29.9%) among the victims. The highest number of accidents took place in the month of January (12.9%) and on Sundays (17.1%). The occupants of the various vehicles constituted the large (45%) group of the victims. Among the motorized vehicles, two wheeler drivers were more (31.1%) involved in accidents. Out of 254 drivers 14.9% were found to have consumed alcohol. Being knocked down was the common mode of accidents.
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