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    The International Commodities Clearing House (icch) has been providing futures markets in London with clearing and guaranteeing services since its formulation as the London Produce Clearing House Limited in 1888. Sugar and coffee were the first two commodities to use the Company's clearing services after 1888, and the Cocoa trade followed in 1928, with the opening of the London Market.
    Clearing
    Market clearing
    Clearing forms the core part of a smooth and efficiently functioning financial market infrastructure. Traditionally, it has been provided by clearing houses, most of which today act as a 'central counterparty' (CCP) between the two sides of a trade. The rapid growth of cross-border trading has sparked discussion on the most efficient industry structure - particularly in Europe and the US. At the heart of this discussion lies the question of whether the implementation of a single clearing house creates greater benefits than a more competitive but interlinked market structure. This is the starting point for this book, which analyses the efficiency of clearing and clearing industry structure. Along with clear-cut definitions and a concise characterisation and descriptive analysis of the clearing industry, the book determines the efficiency impact of various cross-border integration and harmonisation initiatives between CCPs. This serves to identify the most preferable future structure for the clearing industry.
    Clearing
    Counterparty
    Market clearing
    Citations (15)
    This study investigated the impact of automated clearing system on the Nigerian banking system. Secondary data were mostly sourced through The Central Bank of Nigeria publications and analyzed using t test statistics, which tested the significant difference between pre, and post automated clearing system. The result revealed that automated clearing system has a significant positive impact on the general payment system. The paper concludes that the post NACS era is more efficient and hence we recommend the application of the automated clearing system that may further reduce the delivery settlement period from current T3 to To Key Words: Nigeria Automated Clearing System, Delivery period, Magnetic Inks Character Recognition, Payment system, Nigeria Inter Bank Settlement System.
    Clearing
    Settlement (finance)
    Payment system
    Citations (3)
    Abstract As briefly indicated in Chapters 1 and 9, clearing is a process that takes place after trading and before settlement. Its purpose is to manage the credit exposures that arise during this interval between the parties to a trade. The core function of clearing is the novation of market contracts, whereby a clearing houseis interposed between the original trade counterparties. Trades are novated so that the original contract between the buyer and the seller is replaced by two new contracts, one between seller and the clearing house and buyer, one between the buyer and the clearing house as seller.
    Clearing
    Settlement (finance)
    The given article highlights the nature and content of the modern clearing and settlement systems. The key principles of the worldwide clearing systems have been formulated based on the analysis of the different types of the clearing systems in the UK, the U.S. and Germany. The above can be found useful for clearing as it is in the financial market of Ukraine. Key words: clearing, settlement and clearing system, clearing and settlement activities, clearing relationships; clearing organization.
    Clearing
    Settlement (finance)
    Citations (0)
    These banks, which are dominated by the 'Big Four' (Lloyds, Barclays, the National Westminster and the Midland) operate through a network of branches throughout the country. Their importance in the financial system stems from the fact that most of their business is conducted by way of cheques which are cleared at the London Clearing House. Indeed, the six member banks of the London Clearing House are often referred to as 'clearing banks', and other banks have to do their clearing through one of these. As we shall see, this system of clearing allows them to economise in the use of cash, so allowing them to 'create' credit which serves as money.
    Clearing
    Clearance