Hardpan penetration ability of wheat roots

Tina Acuña Estela Magbujos Pasuquin Len J. Wade

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Abstract:

This project, funded through the new GRDC initiative ‘Root Systems for Australian Soils’, builds on current and past research undertaken in WA that has described the pattern of root growth of annual crops in a range of field soils with chemical and/or physical barriers to growth, including hard soils and drought. It is not known whether genetic diversity exists for root growth in soils containing a hardpan among the currently-available wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Genotypic variation in root penetration ability has been reported in other cereals (Yu et al . 1995; Kubo et al . 2004), and validated in our own research, using a pot technique where a thin disc of wax and petroleum jelly is placed in a soil column to simulate a hardpan (Botwright Acuna and Wade 2005). Partitioning of the soil column by the wax layer makes it possible to examine the interaction between hardpan strength and soil moisture stress. Our pot experiments have revealed differences in root penetration ability under drought among 24 wheat cultivars and breeding lines. These results are compared with observations on their rooting depths in two contrasting soil types in field experiments undertaken in Merredin. This technique will have application in identifying promising lines for wheat breeding programs and in the interpretation of field performance of wheat grown in soils containing a hardpan.

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Crop Yield and Soil Fertility

Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

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The effect of irrigation on barley root architecture, yield and water-use efficiency in vertic duplex soils

M Matuszek Tina Acuña David Parsons Marcus Hardie

Strategic irrigation of barley was demonstrated to have a positive influence on yield, rooting depth and distribution in vertic, duplex soils. Improved understanding of root-soil interactions can be used to develop more effective irrigation to increase yields and water-use efficiency of grain crops in these hydraulically complex soils.

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Effects of two tillage systems on some soil characteristics, the root development of winter wheat and the yield of cereals

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10.1016/0167-1987(86)90358-2

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J. Sergio Moroni Len J. Wade

Rice crops commonly encounter zones of restricted root access, which can greatly reduce uptake of resources from deeper soil layers. As a result, yield can decrease with greater vulnerability to fluctuating weather conditions, especially under rainfed systems (Samson eta al 2002). Root access can be restricted by hardpan formation during cultivation, smearing during puddling, or sudden changes in soil texture with depth. These zones of higher soil strength and increased impedance to root elongation are not uniform across the field, so repeatable screens involving the placement of a paraffin wax/petroleum jelly layer in a soil column have been sued to identify promising lines (Yu et al 1995, Ray et al 1996, Babu et al 2001, Clark et al 2000, 2002). Field validation is still essential (Samson et al 2002).

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The preparation of root profiles with the help of the UTAH soil borer and their interpretation.] Z.

H. G. Kmoch

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