GABAergic Action on Cholinergic Axon Terminals in the Superior Cervical Ganglion

Surugatoxin (SGTX, 0.1-2 muM) reversibly depressed orthodromic transmission and antagonized the depolarizing action of carbachol on the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat. The apparent dissociation equilibrium constant against carbachol-induced depolarization (measured in the presence of hyoscine) was 58 and 76 nM determined at 0.2 and 2 muM respectively. SGTX (2muM) did not reduce the depolarizing effects of (+/-)-muscarine, gamma-aminobutyric acid or angiotensin, but did reduce that to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Release of [3H]-acetylcholine following repetitive (10 Hz) preganglionic sympathetic stimulation was maintained in the presence of 2 muM SGTX. It is concluded that SGTX has a high and selective affinity for ganglionic nicotinic receptors.

Superior cervical ganglion

Muscarine

Orthodromic

Sympathetic ganglion

10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07705.x

Cite

Citations (27)

ACTION OF MUSCARINE ON THE SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION OF THE CAT

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (1963)

I. Sanghvi Satoshi Murayama Cedric M. Smith Klaus H. Unna

Muscarine injected intraarterially to the superior cervical ganglion caused a contraction of the nictitating membrane of cats. This effect was abolished by section of the postganglionic trunk. Postganglionic neurograms were obtained from the fibers emanating from the ganglion and from the branch of the infratrochlear nerve innervating the medial muscle of the nictitating membrane. The magnitude of the contraction of the nictitating membrane was correlated to the size of not only the S 1 , but also the S 2 component of the postganglionic neurogram. Subthreshold doses of muscarine potentiated both the contraction of the nictitating membrane and the postganglionic action potentials (S 1 and S 2 components) evoked by preganglionic stimulation. Muscarine differed from DMPP in its action on the postganglionic neurogram and on the nictitating membrane in its longer latency of onset, in the pattern of action potentials, and in its longer duration of action. Like the action of non-nicotinic ganglion stimulants (Trendelenburg, 1959), the action of muscarine was sensitive to block by atropine and by cocaine, but not by hexamethonium. It is suggested that the ganglionic receptors involved in the action of muscarine may be the cholinergic receptors giving rise to the late negative ganglionic potentials described by Eccles and Libet (1961).

Nictitating membrane

Muscarine

Superior cervical ganglion

Sympathetic ganglion

10.1016/s0022-3565(25)26657-5

Cite

Citations (13)

Contributions of Studies of the Nicotinic Receptor from Muscle to Defining Structural and Functional Properties of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Handbook of experimental pharmacology (2000)

Palmer Taylor Hitoshi Osaka Brian E. Molles Steven H. Keller Siobhan Malany

Muscarine

Nicotinic Antagonist

10.1007/978-3-642-57079-7_5

Cite

Citations (11)

Localization of choline acetyltransferase in rat peripheral sympathetic neurons and its coexistence with nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptides.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1995)

M.A. Morales Kristina Holmberg Qing Xu Costantino Cozzari Boyd K. Hartman

Indirect immunofluorescence methods using a mouse monoclonal antibody raised to rat choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) revealed dense networks of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers in the superior cervical ganglion, the stellate ganglion, and the celiac superior mesenteric ganglion of the rat. Numerous and single ChAT-immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the stellate and superior cervical ganglia, respectively. The majority of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers in the stellate and superior cervical ganglia were nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive. Some ChAT-immunoreactive fibers contained enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Virtually all ChAT-positive cell bodies in the stellate ganglion were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive, and some were calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive. After transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk almost all ChAT- and NOS-positive fibers and most enkephalin- and CGRP-positive fibers disappeared in the superior cervical ganglion. The results suggest that most preganglionic fibers are cholinergic and that the majority of these in addition can release nitric oxide, some enkephalin, and a few CGRP. Acetylcholine, VIP, and CGRP are coexisting messenger molecules in some postganglionic sympathetic neurons.

Superior cervical ganglion

Stellate ganglion

Cholinergic Fibers

Sympathetic ganglion

Hepatic stellate cell

10.1073/pnas.92.25.11819

Cite

Citations (84)

Glycyl-L-glutamine opposes the fall in choline acetyltransferase in the denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1989)

George B. Koelle J. J. O’Neill N S Thampi M S Han Robert Caccese

Intracarotid infusion of 3 microM glycyl-L-glutamine was found to oppose the fall in the choline acetyl-transferase content of the preganglionically denervated cat superior cervical ganglion; this same effect has been demonstrated previously for acetylcholinesterase content. Because choline acetyltransferase, in contrast to acetylcholinesterase, occurs exclusively in the preganglionic axons and their terminals, this finding raises the possibility that glycyl-L-glutamine opposes postsectional axonal degeneration.

Superior cervical ganglion

Choline

10.1073/pnas.86.24.10153

Cite

Citations (6)

Autoradiographical Evidence of Nicotinic Receptors in Rat Brain

Advances in behavioral biology (1987)

Paul B. S. Clarke Agu Pert

Nicotinic Antagonist

Muscarine

Mecamylamine

Ganglionic blocker