EVALUATION OF H2 GAS PRODUCTION FROM MSWI BOTTOM ASH
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The physical and chemical characterizations of local incineration bottom ash were analyzed for its eventual reutilization in China.Fine particles(4.75mm) and coarse particles(4.75mm) in the bottom ash were characterized. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the potential application of bottom ash,environmental hazard,and the possibilities of recycling its fine fraction and coarse fractions.From the laboratory analysis,MSWI bottom ash is a well-grade construction material.Its grain size distribution is even,and the 1-28mm size fraction accounts for approximately 80%of the bottom ash weight and comprises mainly mineral material,glass,magnetic,synthetic ceramics,and unburned organic matter.It is highly porous and light mass materials,and can satisfy most of engineering technical properties of natural geographical material and environmental requirement.
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Fly ash from the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) which contains a small amount of heavy metals becomes a threat to human health and other living organisms once emitted into the environment, and has to be treated before disposal. This study focuses on the characteristics of the MSWI fly ash, which involve mineral composing, granularity distributing, specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of fly ash, leaching toxicity and chemical species of heavy metals. The experiment results confirm that the fly ashes are mainly composed of sylvite, halite, portlandite and calcium sulfate hydrate, with the the average particle diameter of 15.082 μm and the specific surface area of 4.290 m 2 /g, and the heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr in the MSWI fly ash are mobile except Hg. This research provides critical information for appropriate MSWI fly ash treatment technology.
Incinerator bottom ash
Portlandite
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In this study, a new modified process was served for immobilization of combined municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash/copper sludge, MSWI fly ash and washed fly ash/activated carbon, and MSWI fly ash/coal ash by microwave heating. From the present study emerges that the microwave process applied to the tailored mixtures is a useful technique to valorize the fly ash. The obtained sintered products or glassy materials show low metals ions releases with respect to the original ashes. From the thermal characterization it appears that the materials are also suitable for the obtainment of sintered products or glassy materials. Lead and copper metals were well restrained in the structure of glass-ceramics and the leaching concentration can meet the legal criteria. The hardness sintered products are higher compressive strength and meets the allowable limits (10 kgf/cm 2 ) for landfill disposal in Taiwan. The weight ratios of the fly ash/coal ash (1/1) can be vitrified (made glassy) by melting, and heavy metals in the fly ash can be immobilized in the amorphous to form highly stable glassy or slag. An accurate selection and proper ratios of the used wastes allows producing glassy with suitable properties and suggests a possible way for MSWI fly ash re-utilization.
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Thermal plasma melting is an efficient but energy intensive method for vitrifying municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. To reduce the energy cost and vitrification temperature, different biomass ashes were used as additives in this paper. The effects of the rice husks and wood waste combustion ashes on the MSWI fly ash melting behavior have been studied using a laboratory dc argon plasma torch. The melting heat for ash samples with different mass ratios of MSWI fly ash and biomass ash was predicted by an empirical mathematical model based on the major ash components and measured melting temperatures. The deduced melting heat was used to optimize the parameters of the plasma torch. Melting tests showed that the plasma firing time can be reduced to save energy cost, after biomass ash was added all samples were converted into dark blue glassy materials. When the molten slags were cooled with air, the slags from the rice husks ash mixed samples cracked into irregular pieces, while the slags from the wood ash mixed samples tended to form spherical pellets with a porous microstructure. The results indicate that wood combustion ash is a promising additive to MSWI fly ash for producing high quality construction materials through plasma vitrification with reduced melting energy.
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration(MSWI) fly ash is from scrubber after incineration of municipal solid wastes, its main composition is CaO, SiO2 , Al2O3 , and Fe2O3 , similar to the blastfurnace slag and the fly ash produced by burning pul-verized coal in power stations. MSWI fly ash contains some heavy metals, which can be leached by water, so it is regarded as hazardous matter, and must be solidified/stabilized. The mechanical properties and hydration mechanism of the hardened ce-ment paste containing MSWI fly ash were studied. The effect of immobilization of cement on MSWI fly ash was investigated. And the feasibility of MSWI fly ash as auxiliary cementitious materials was indicated. The results show that the reactivity of MSWI fly ash is lower and its addition to cement causes retardation of cement hydration, the formation of ettringite during the hydration process is beneficial to enhancement the strength, but a large amount of addition of MSWI fly ash will cause the de-crease of the strength of the hardened cement paste. It is efficient to use cement for immobilization MSWI fly ash. The heavy metals can be immobilized in the structure of the hydration phases by holding, substitution or sorption.
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Ettringite
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For quantitative estimation of the intra-layer porous structure in the initial stage of landfill formation with municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, the water absorption of individual MSWI bottom ash particles was measured under still-water, degassed, and agitated conditions. The ratio of the water absorption rate found for the still-water procedure to the effective absorption capacity which was the one under degassing was 35.2%. In the water flow experiment of a column filled with MSWI bottom ash, the true density of the bottom ash was higher after water flow than before, which indicated that dissolution of the soluble components of the bottom ash particle surfaces resulted in a loss of apparent particle volume that more than offset the accompanying weight loss. The volume-based water absorption rate found for the bottom ash particles following 50 mL/h water flow through the column, as a ratio to the effective absorption capacity was about 51.8% of the effective absorption capacity. In a landfill layer comprised of MSWI bottom ash, it was suggested that some regions of the ash particle interiors underwent almost no contact with water.
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The total amount of ash generated from the municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) in Korea was approximately 420,000 tons in 2005 including 68,000 tons of fly ash. Fly ash from MSWI generally contains high amount of CaO (upto ) due to the treatment of flue gas by spraying CaO-base materials. Currently, most of fly ash generated is finally ended up with specially designed landfill sites and only less then 20% of fly ash is recycled. In the present work, preparation of from the MSWI ny ash was studied to promote the fly ash recycling. Fly ash obtained from the dust collector in stoker-type MSWI is used to selectively dissolve CaO by using the sugar solution. Then, gas was passed through the dissolved solution to pro- duce powder. The optimum conditions for CaO dissolution were solid content 10%, reaction time 15 minutes, sugar concentration . The high grade powder was obtained and the experimental conditions are also discussed.
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Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been previously suggested as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater due to its high porosity and large surface area. In this study the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals were investigated using various particle sizes of MSWI bottom ash. The adsorption experiment was conducted using synthetic wastewater containing Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd as a function of residence time, initial pH, ash dosage and particle size, respectively. The adsorption rate increased with decreasing particle size and with increasing residence time. Through the above analysis, this work proved that bottom ash was effective in adsorbing the four heavy metals.
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