Passive optical network for long-reach scalable and resilient access
Josep PratJosé A. LázaroPhilippe ChanclouRisto SoilaPantelis VelanasA. TeixeiraG. Tosi BeleffiIoannis TomkosKonstantinos Kanonakis
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Abstract:
A future access network and its main innovations are presented. The Scalable Advanced Ring-based passive Dense Access Network Architecture” (Sardana) is able to provide one order-of-magnitude increase in performances with enhanced functionality. Key enabling innovations, like the hybrid ring/tree WDM/TDM-PON architecture, the enhanced MAC, the resilient remotely pumped remote node and the reflective ONU are described, as fundamental building blocks of the future network.Keywords:
Access network
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Lack of capacity in access networks results in the “last mile” bottleneck in the networks. The best candidate for the next generation access networks appears to be Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPON). In this paper a novel scheduling algorithm for upstream traffic from subscriber to central office will be studied.
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This paper proposes a resilient access network architecture with a cable-route protection function based on hybrid wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM-PON) systems. The reuse of existing optical cable networks allows our ladder and grid networks to introduce duplicate routes for the shared portions of PONs Please check 'for the shared portions of passive optical networks' here. by using a few optical fibers with simple structures. It automatically builds alternative optical paths in response to the wavelengths of optical line terminal and optical network units (ONUs) at both ends of the network. Our simulation achieved network capacities of 1.25 Gb/s × 500 ONUs and 10 Gb/s × 64 ONUs by applying 48 and 16 WDMs, respectively, to the networks. We think that these results show sufficient scalability; in particular, the ladder network composed of simple WDM components is a promising architecture for resilient access networks.
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We describe an optical regional access network which combines electronic IP routing with intelligent networking functionality of the optical WDM layer. The optical WDM layer provides such networking functions as network logical topology reconfiguration, optical flow switching to offload traffic and bypass IP routers, wavelength routing of signals, protection switching and restoration in the optical domain, and flexible network service provisioning by reconfigurable wavelength connectivity. We discuss key enabling technologies for the WDM layer and describe their limitations. The symbiosis of electronic and optical WDM networking functions also allows support for heterogeneous format traffic and will enable efficient gigabit-per-second user access in next-generation Internet networks.
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In recent years, there has been an explosive growth of the Internet in terms of (a) user population, (b) geographical coverage, and (c) carried traffic. To accommodate the increasing number of end-users who require large bandwidth, the Internet infrastructure needs to be scalable, i.e., able to accommodate traffic growth without significant changes to its existing operation. Optical networks based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology offer the promise to satisfy the bandwidth requirements of the Internet infrastructure, and provide a scalable solution to support the bandwidth needs of future applications in the local and wide areas. This dissertation examines the optimized design and performance analysis of survivable WDM optical networks, and proposes new WDM-based network architectures.
In a WDM optical network, the routing scheme employed to route optical channels has a significant impact on the network performance. An approximate analytical model for fixed-alternate routing that incorporates sparse wavelength conversion is developed for estimating different network performance parameters.
The failure of network elements (e.g., fiber links, cross-connects, etc.) in a WDM optical network may cause the failure of several optical channels, thereby leading to large data losses. Several approaches based on protection/restoration are examined to protect mesh-based optical networks from single-link failures. Distributed control algorithms are proposed for restoring optical channels after a link failure.
A new network architecture called Wavelength Distributed Data Interface (WDDI) is proposed. This architecture enhances a fiber-optic ring network, such as FDDI, to operate over multiple wavelengths on its existing fiber plant consisting of point-to-point fiber links. In this architecture, network nodes can be partitioned to operate over multiple subnetworks, with each subnetwork operating independently on a different wavelength, and inter-subnetwork traffic forwarding performed by a bridge. The architecture of WDDI nodes and bridges are investigated, and algorithms are proposed for optimally partitioning nodes into subnetworks.
The design of a WDM-based wide-area optical network that can support packet-switched traffic is investigated. Such a wide-area optical network can significantly enhance the capabilities and capacity of a packet-switched backbone network. The optimized network-design problem is formulated, and heuristic algorithms are developed for its solution.
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The intensification of traffic in the access network requires the development of novel architectural solutions for a reconfigurable network topology and components based on optical technologies. We present a hybrid ring-shaped wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)–time division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical network (PON) that is capable of providing bandwidth on demand at high bit rates in a transparent and dynamic manner. Our cost-efficient and scalable network architecture is based on integratable components such as a wavelength-agile optical networking unit and a microring-resonator-based remote node. An appropriately modified control layer is introduced to manage the network. We also discuss the implementation of optical codes instead of time slots to take the step toward optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) WDM PONs that relieve the network of strict time scheduling of traffic and ranging. Therefore, an additional reduction of complexity in network management, improvement of network scalability, and a guarantee of fully symmetric traffic are foreseen for every user. Finally, we show a scenario for smooth migration from existing PON solutions to our WDM–TDM PON architecture.
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The emerging high bandwidth and on-demand user applications require improvements in capacity, configurability and resiliency in next generation optical access networks to incrementally expand on the basis of customers requirements. New architectures and technologies are needed to achieve also scalability and active traffic adaptation. In this article an all-optical merger of access and metro networks is proposed with the use of reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and optical burst switching multiplexers (OBSMs), which are new network elements multiplexing at optical burst level. The resulting novel network architectures, named the OBSWAMA network, are evaluated as an innovative solution to reach a flexible, dynamic and efficient solution for the aforementioned next generation optical access networks.
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There is growing recognition that we are rapidly approaching the physical capacity limit of standard optical fiber. It is important to make better use of optical network resources to accommodate the ever-increasing traffic demand to support the future Internet and services. We first introduce an architecture, enabling technologies, and the benefits of recently proposed spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path networks. In these networks, the required minimum spectral resources are adaptively allocated to an optical path based on traffic demand and network conditions. We then present possible adoption scenarios from current rigid optical networks to elastic optical path networks. We also discuss some possible study items that are relevant to the future activities of ITU-T. These items include optical transport network (OTN) architecture, structure and mapping of the optical transport unit, automatically switched optical network (ASON) control plane issues, and some physical aspects with possible extension of the current frequency grid.
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We will describe the enabling technologies for future WDM optical access networks in which 60-GHz millimeter-wave-band and digital signals can co-exist. Our system concept includes active path allocating to provide bandwidth-on-demand to the capillaries of the network.
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