Structural characteristics of thermosensitive chitosan glutaminate hydrogels
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Hydrogels that possess the ability of gelling in response to changes in the local environment, such as pH or temperature, have been examined extensively recently. In this paper the properties of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels prepared with the use of chitosan glutaminate and β-glycerophosphate are presented. The sol/gel transition point was determined based on the rheological properties. The structure of gels was observed under the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and was investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential themogravimetric (DTG) analy sis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The crystallinity of gel structure was determined by X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD).Keywords:
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Bioinspired from adhesion behaviors of mussels, injectable and thermosensitive chitosan/Pluronic composite hydrogels were synthesized for tissue adhesives and hemostatic materials. Chitosan conjugated with multiple catechol groups in the backbone was cross-linked with terminally thiolated Pluronic F-127 triblock copolymer to produce temperature-sensitive and adhesive sol–gel transition hydrogels. A blend mixture of the catechol-conjugated chitosan and the thiolated Pluronic F-127 was a viscous solution state at room temperature but became a cross-linked gel state with instantaneous solidification at the body temperature and physiological pH. The adhesive chitosan/Pluronic injectable hydrogels with remnant catechol groups showed strong adhesiveness to soft tissues and mucous layers and also demonstrated superior hemostatic properties. These chitosan/Pluronic hydrogels are expected to be usefully exploited for injectable drug delivery depots, tissue engineering hydrogels, tissue adhesives, and antibleeding materials.
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This work describes the investigation of the properties of hydrogels based on methacrylamide-modified gelatin (GelMA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with potential applications in wound treatment. While the semi-natural polymer insures the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the synthesized materials, the synthetic polymer was selected due to its water affinity and interesting mechanical properties. The efficiency of the polymerization process and the stability of the PVP within the semi interpenetrated polymer network (semiIPN) were verified through gel fraction study. The water affinity, tensile strength and rheological properties of the hydrogels were also investigated.
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Hydrogels are the promising classes of polymeric drug delivery systems with the controlled release rates. Among them, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with transition temperature around the body temperature have been wildly considered. Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymers, and its biocompatibility and biodegradability makes it a favorable thermosensitive hydrogel that has been attracted much attention in biomedical field worldwide. In this work, a thermosensitive and injectable hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) incorporated with an antibacterial drug (gentamycin). This drug loaded hydrogel is liquid at room temperature, and becomes more solidified gel when heated to the body temperature. Adding β-GP into chitosan and drug molecules and heating the overall solution makes the whole homogenous liquid into gel through a 3D network formation. The gelation time was found to be a function of temperature and concentration of β-GP. This thermosensitive chitosan based hydrogel system was characterized using FTIR and visual observation to determine the chemical structure and morphology. The results confirmed that chitosan/(β-GP) hydrogels could be a promising controlled-release drug delivery system for many deadly diseases.
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Among the less invasive surgical procedures for tissue engineering application, injectable in situ gelling systems have gained great attention. In this contest, this article is aimed to realize thermosensitive chitosan‐based hydrogels, crosslinked with β‐glycerophosphate and reinforced via physical interactions with β‐tricalcium phosphate. The kinetics of sol–gel transition and the composite hydrogel properties were investigated by rheological analysis. The hydrogels were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared study, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and thermal and biological studies. The hydrogels exhibit a gel‐phase transition at body temperature, and a three‐dimensional network with typical rheological properties of a strong gel. The presence of the inorganic phase, made up of nanocrystals, provides a structure with chemico‐physical composition that mimics natural bone tissue, favoring cellular activity. These findings suggest the potential of the materials as promising candidates for hard tissue regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2984–2993, 2013.
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Biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogels are a fairly imperative class of biomaterials, which find applications for drug delivery. The blending of natural biopolymers and synthetic polymers has introduced exceptional characteristics in hydrogels for diverse biomedical applications. Here, we report a novel class of pH responsive, hydrophobically modified chitosan based hydrogels using methylmethacrylate (MMA) and sustainable polyol. The polyol derivatized hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradability studies were carried out in soil and water. The in vitro equilibrium swelling behavior in different buffer solutions of pH values (4 and 7.3), including some physiological solutions were also evaluated. The potential of these hydrogels in drug delivery was demonstrated by preliminary biocompatibility assessment in different human sera for 24 hours. No significant changes in the values of various components present in sera before and after test procedures were found.
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The present review aims to give a closer look of hydrogels based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) and to discuss their potential biomedical applications in drug delivery system. Various investigations based on chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) carried out recently by researchers have been reported in this review. Moreover different chemical and physical crosslinking methods used for hydrogels formulations have been summarized and discussed in this overview. Different characterization tools including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological analysis used by researchers have also been reported in this review. Keywords: Hydrogels, Chitosan, Poly (vinyl alcohol), Physical crosslinking, Chemical crosslinking
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Our biocompatible hydrogel systems obtained by the sol-gel technqiue and based on chitosan and silicon polyolates are promising for medical and biological applications. The surface microrelief of these sol-gel materials (hydrogels and xerogels) based on chitosan and silicon tetraglycerolate was explored by AFM and SEM. A significant influence of the component ratio in the mixed system on the morphology and surface profile of the hydrogels and xerogels prepared therefrom was established. An increased content of the structure-forming component (chitosan) in the system was shown to increase the roughness scale of the hydrogel surface and to promote the porosity of the xerogel structure.
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Chitosan has fine performance of hydrophilicity,nontoxicity,biodegradability and biocompatibility.The electric-field-sensitive hydrogels prepared with chitosan as the main raw material have broad application prospects in the sensors,controlled drug release,artificial muscles and other fields.In this paper the preparation techniques of electric-fieldsensitive hydrogels based on chitosan were reviewed and the future of its application was also forecasted.
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A novel injectable in situ gelling drug delivery system (DDS) consisting of biodegradable N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) nanoparticles and thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin blend hydrogels was developed for prolonged and sustained controlled drug release. Four different HTCC nanoparticles, prepared based on ionic process of HTCC and oppositely charged molecules such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan, were incorporated physically into thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin blend solutions to form the novel DDSs. Resulting DDSs interior morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of nanoparticles composition on both the gel process and the gel strength was investigated from which possible hydrogel formation mechanisms were inferred. Finally, bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as a model protein drug, was loaded into four different HTCC nanoparticles to examine and compare the effects of controlled release of these novel DDSs. The results showed that BSA could be sustained and released from these novel DDSs and the release rate was affected by the properties of nanoparticle: the slower BSA release rate was observed from DDS containing nanoparticles with a positive charge than with a negative charge. The described injectable drug delivery systems might have great potential application for local and sustained delivery of protein drugs.
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