Direct photolysis of MeO-PBDEs in water and methanol: Focusing on cyclization product MeO-PBDFs
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are considered as a kind of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).The impact of PBDEs to the environment has been a hot area of research in the scientific communities in our country.The properties,production,application and contamination levels in environment and human were reviewed.The correlation between GDP per capita and PBDEs concentration in air in China cities were also discussed.T`his review will provide valuable reference for more in-depth and comprehensive research work on PBDEs in china.
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),a specific group of brominated flame retardants,are widely used in household and industrial products,PBDEs and their metabolites have recently been reported to be present in various environmental and biotic samples.PBDEs can accumulate in organisms and be metabolized to more toxic low brominated diphenyl ether,hydroxylated PBDEs and methoxylated PBDEs.The metabolic pathways and mechanism of PBDE and the ecotoxicological effect of PBDEs metabolites were emphatically discussed in this paper.
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As a new type of flame retardants,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) have been widely applied in the fields of plastics, textiles and building materials. With the increase in production and usage, more international attention is focused on environmental pollution caused by PBDEs. Due to the properties of the long distance transportation and the difficulty in degradability, PBDEs was accumulated in the environmental mediums, and aggravated the environmental pollution. This paper summarized the research progress in monitoring of PBDEs in environment of China. Furthermore, the concentration level and pollution source of PBDEs in atmosphere, water body, sediment and soil was discussed. Finally, the further research about PBDEs in China is proposed.
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In order to explore preliminarily the potential risk of the complex pollutants containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)from biotic samples from E-waste treating areas,the complex pollutants containing PBDEs were extracted from Sanhuang chicken samples from an E-waste recycling region.Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to the extracts for 6d,and the cell proliferation and mRNA expression of pS2,an estrogen-target gene,were determined.Results showed that the extracts had no cytotoxic effects but suppressed significantly the cell proliferation and mRNA expression of pS2 in MCF-7 cells.The extracts exhibited anti-estrogenic activity.The results suggest that complex pollutants containing PBDEs from E-waste recycling regions have certain potential risk for animal and human health.
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Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may disrupt thyroid function and contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We conducted a pilot study to explore the relationship between serum concentrations of lower-brominated PBDEs (BDE-17 to -154), higher-brominated PBDEs (BDE-183 to -209), and hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs) with measures of thyroid function in pregnant women. Concentrations of PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), and free T4 were measured in serum samples collected between 2008 and 2009 from 25 second trimester pregnant women in California. Median concentrations of lower-brominated PBDEs and OH-PBDEs were the highest reported to date in pregnant women. Median concentrations of BDE-47 and the sum of lower-brominated PBDEs (ΣPBDE5) were 43.1 ng/g lipid and 85.8 ng/g lipid, respectively, and the sum of OH-PBDEs (ΣOH-PBDE4) was 0.084 ng/mL. We observed a positive association between the weighted sum of chemicals known to bind to transthyretin (ΣTTR binders) and TSH levels. We also found positive associations between TSH and ΣPBDE5, ΣOH-PBDE4, BDE-47, BDE-85, 5-OH-BDE47, and 4′-OH-BDE49, and an inverse association with BDE-207. Relationships with free and total T4 were weak and inconsistent. Our results indicate that PBDE exposures are elevated in pregnant women in California and suggest a relationship with thyroid function. Further investigation is warranted to characterize the risks of PBDE exposures during pregnancy.
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a kind of important Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR), are widely used in electronic products, construction materials and textiles. PBDEs have been detected in many environmental media (including air, water, dust, sediment and food), many animal and human tissues. For their environmental persistence, high bioaccumulative and multiple biotoxicitiies, PBDEs have been viewed as one of the most concerned environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) at present. Although detailed mechanisms are not clear, studies have found that PBDEs can induce toxicity to liver, endocrine system, nervous system, reproduction and immune system. What's more, lots of experiments indicate that PBDEs exposure can alter the levels of thyroid hormones. Recently, studies on the impact of PBDEs exposure on thyroid hormones have been quite a few and have not reached an agreement, especially on the alternation of thyroid hormones caused by PBDEs exposure, which has also been a hot issue. This paper reviews from the basic properties, usage, exposure and biotoxicity of PBDEs. We mainly introduce the impact PBDEs have on the thyroid and thyroid hormones in terms of biotoxicity, and attach importance to the endocrine disruption and neurodeveloptoxicity. We also give a preliminary introduction to hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, structural analogs of PBDEs, which researchers start late to study. This paper can be a reference for the further research on PBDEs exposure and biotoxicity.多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）是一种重要的溴代阻燃剂，广泛应用于电子产品、建筑材料和纺织品中。同时，PBDEs已在多种环境介质（空气、水、土壤、沉积物和食物）、多种动物和人体组织中检出。因具有环境持久性、高生物蓄积性和多种生物毒性等性质，是目前备受关注的环境内分泌干扰物之一。PBDEs具有多方面毒性，其中,通过影响甲状腺激素，从而对机体所造成的内分泌干扰和神经发育毒性影响更是研究热点。本文从PBDEs的基本性质、使用现状、暴露情况及生物毒性展开叙述，并在生物毒性中重点围绕对甲状腺及甲状腺激素的影响，重点介绍与之相关的内分泌干扰和神经发育毒性。同时涉及到研究起步较晚PBDEs结构类似物（羟基多溴联苯醚和甲氧基多溴联苯醚）的初步介绍，为PBDEs暴露情况和生物毒性的进一步研究提供参考。.
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) as a class of emerging POPs gradually drew environmental researchers′ attention now.In this paper,PBDEs in various environmental media,as well as the organisms,and in the human body are reviewed.Results showed that PBDEs pollution in China was at a relatively low level compared with other countries.However,PBDEs pollution in the E-waste dismantling areas,sush as Guiyu and Taizhou,was extraordinarily high.Future studies on PBDEs are emphasized in the end of this paper.
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