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    1Director, Critical Care Nursing, MSICU, all at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah 2Administrative Assistant, MSICU, all at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah 3Head Nurse, MSICU, all at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah
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    General hospital
    Animal models, particularly genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), continue to have a transformative impact on our understanding of the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, GEMMs have been employed in the design and optimization of potent anticancer therapies. Increasingly, drug responses are assessed in mouse models either prior, or in parallel, to the implementation of precision medical oncology, in which groups of patients with genetically stratified cancers are treated with drugs that target the relevant oncoprotein such that mechanisms of drug sensitivity or resistance may be identified. Subsequently, this has led to the design and preclinical testing of combination therapies designed to forestall the onset of drug resistance. Indeed, mouse models of human lung cancer represent a paradigm for how a wide variety of GEMMs, driven by a variety of oncogenic drivers, have been generated to study initiation, progression, and maintenance of this disease as well as response to drugs. These studies have now expanded beyond targeted therapy to include immunotherapy. We highlight key aspects of the relationship between mouse models and the evolution of therapeutic approaches, including oncogene-targeted therapies, immunotherapies, acquired drug resistance, and ways in which successful antitumor strategies improve on efficiently translating preclinical approaches into successful antitumor strategies in patients.
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    Sterling D. Sessions and Gene A. Sessions A History of Utah International: From Construction to Mining. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2005. xx + 243 pp. ISBN 0-87480-836-7, $29.95. - Volume 7 Issue 3
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    Sterling D. Sessions and Gene A. Sessions A History of Utah International: From Construction to Mining. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2005. xx + 243 pp. ISBN 0-87480-836-7, $29.95. - Volume 7 Issue 3
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    From the *American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; and †George E. Whalen Salt Lake City Healthcare System and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Reprints: Leigh Neumayer, MD, MS, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84103. E-mail: [email protected].
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    George (robot)