Nutritional evaluation of mulberry (Morus alba L.) green leaves in sheep and goats.
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An experiment was conducted on five each of Sonadi x Corriedale sheep (18.5–23.4 kg) and Sirohi goats (19.5–24.8 kg). The animals were fed mulberry green leaves ad lib. Mulberry green leaves contained 88% OM, 15.20%CP, 9.85% CF, 7.10% EE, 55.85% NFE and 12.00% Ash with an average DM content of 32.38% in fresh leaves. The differences for OM, CP, EE and NFE digestibility in sheep and goats were non-significant. However, the DM and CF digestibility was significantly (P<0.01) higher in goats than in sheep. The values of DCP, TDN, DE and ME for mulberry green leaves in sheep and goats were 12.16 and 12.28, 61.34 and 63.48 per cent, 2.71 and 2.80 and 2.18 and 2.26 Mcal/kg, respectively. The dry matter intake in goat was significantly (P<0.01) higher than in sheep. Average daily gain (ADG) was higher in goats (42.40 g) as compared to sheep (30.80g) but the difference was non-significant among the species. It may be concluded that the utilization of mulberry green leaves by sheep and goats was adequate to meet their requirement, but supplement of mulberry green leaves with concentrate may result in optimum growth rate in sheep and goats.Keywords:
Corriedale
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Khanyum (Ficus cunia) leaves sontained CP 15.53, CF 18.65, EE 2.56, NFE 52.96, TA 10.30, Ca 2.40 and P 0.24 percent on DM basis. Five adult local goats (24-26m; 20.64±1.02kg) were fed on fresh Khanyun leaves ad libitum for 26d. The voluntary DM intake was 2.21+0.16kg per 100kg body weight. The leaves contained 8.07±0J0 percent DCP and 46.85±2.20 percent TDN. Marginally negative P balance indicated that KTanyun ieaves need to be supplemented with other P rich feeds to meet the maintenance needs of goats.
Ficus
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Comparative nutrient utilisation pattern in sheep and goats was assessed in a feeding experiment of 50 days duration on Cenchrus hay and concentrate (65:35) based diets. DM intake (g/kg/w0.75) was higher (P<0.01) in sheep (62.12 g) than in goats (57.10 g), while DCP intake (g/kg/w0.75) was lower (P<0.05) in sheep than in goats. The digestibilities of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and gross energy were significantly (P<0.05) higher in goats than in sheep. Digestibilities of hemicellulose, cellulose and N balance were simitar in both the species. During the experimental feeding, goats lost weight marginally (−0.6 kg) whereas, sheep maintained their body weight (+0.4 Kg). It Is cosicluded that Cenchrus based diets can be fed to sheep and goats for maintenance.
Cenchrus ciliaris
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Sis Nellore rams and six local male goats were fed on mixed fodder containing chopped (5–7 mm) sorghum straw and shade dried Gliricidia leaves in 1:1 ratio on DM basis to evaluate the nutritive value of Gliricidia leaves sb difference method. The mixed fodder recorded higher DM! (P<0.05) and digestibility co-efficients for OM, CP, CF and NFE (P<0.01) in goats. DMD was comparable in both the species whereas EE digestibility was higher (P<0.01) in sheep. All the animals were on positive N, Ca and P balances. The mixed fodder could meet the DCP and TDN requirements of both the species. The DCP and TDN values of Gliricidia leaves calculated db difference method in sheep and goats were 11,59 and 16.99; 48.30 and 56.91 percentt, especttvely. These eesults indicate that Gliricidia leaves sontained digher rmounts so DCP and TDN, for roats shan nor sheep.
Fodder
Gliricidia
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Six Beetai crossbred bucks (10–12 m; 14.82 kg) were fed exclusively on Ghoraneem tree leaves (just before flowering) containing 18.96 CP, 3.20 EE, 11.60 CF, 55.78 NFE, 10.50 Ash, 2.94 Ca and 0.25 P on per cent DM basis. Animals consumed 3.34 kg DM per 100 kg live weight The nutritive value of Ghoraneem leaves in terms of DCP and TDN were 13.09 and 65.37 per cent, respectively. The voluntary intake of DM, DCP and TDN was found to be adequate to meet the maintenance requirements of bucks.
Melia azedarach
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The comparative utilization of nutrients in sheep (5) and goats (5) fed a complete ration, 40 % siris pods, along with other ingredients for 90 days, was studied. The daily intake of dry matter in sheep (35 5±1.37 g/kg body weight) was higher than that in goats (23.9±0.46 g/kg body weight). However, digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and cellulose were significantly higher (P<0.01) in goats compared to sheep. Blood glucose, plasma protein and albumin were similar in both the species. The plasma urea concentration was, however, higher (P<0.01) in sheep (21.4±0.36 mg/dl) than that in goats (18.05±0.49 mg/dl). The siris pods-based complete diet could maintain sheep and goats. The goats, although, had lower intake of DM, it had better nutrient digestibility than that of sheep.
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This study evaluated the effect of substituting dried mulberry (Morus alba) leaves for concentrate mixture (CM; wheat bran and noug/niger (Guizotia abyssinica) seed cake mixture in 2: 1 proportion) on performance and carcass characteristics of sheep fed a basal diet of natural pasture hay. Thirty local yearling male sheep with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.2±1.61 kg were assigned to treatments in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were iso-nitrogenous supplements of 100% CM offered at 250 g DM/sheep/d (T1), 67% CM and 33% dried mulberry leaves (ML: T2), 33% CM and 67% ML (T3), 100% ML (T4) and 100% dried Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves (T5). The feeding and digestibility trials lasted for 90 and 7 days, respectively. Carcass of each experimental animal was evaluated at the end of the digestibility trial. The highest (P<0.05) DM intake was observed in treatment T4 (868.8±60.7) while the lowest intake was found in T1 (756.4±84.2) and T5 (763.5±115.6). The digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF), average daily gain and carcass characteristics were similar in different treatments. Therefore, mulberry leaves could serve as a complete alternative replacement for wheat bran and niger-seed cake based conventional concentrate mixtures in lambs under Ethiopian smallholder farming conditions.
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of jhunjhuna tree leaves (Trema Orientalis) as sole diet for goat. A growth trial was conducted on growing twelve male goats for 45 days followed by 7 days metabolic trial. The leaves contained 34.0, 86.70, 19.00, 11.00, 50.20, 6.50, 13.30, 1.90 and 0.22 percent of DM, OM, CP, CF, NFE, EE, TA, Ca and P, respectively. The daily dry matter intake was 4.74kg/100kg body weight indicative of its high palatability in goats and was significant (P≤0.05). Digestibility of DM, CP, CF, NFE and EE were 56.16, 63.60, 57.50, 62.50 and 69.16 percent in jhunjhuna fed tree leaves group and in control it was 64.33, 70.50, 58.50, 60.66 and 61.66 respectively. The nutritive value of fresh leaves was 12.10% DCP and 58.36% TDN in treatment group whereas in control 10.03% DCP and 57.20% TDN was recorded. DCP% was significantly higher in treatment group compared to control (P≤0.05). Average daily gain (g) was significantly higher in treatment group as compared to control and values were 46.70 and 38.96 respectively (P≤0.05). Nutrient retention (g/day) for nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was 6.12, 4.96 and 0.56 in treatment group and in control it was 4.61, 1.89 and 1.04 respectively. The result indicated that fresh tree leaves of Jhunjhna when used as a sole feed provided sufficient nutrient for maintenance and growth of goats.
Palatability
West bengal
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Twelve growing animals, six each of sheep (Sonadi x corriedale) and goat, (Jalawadi x Sirohi) were fed on berseem straw ad lib. for 20d. Thereafter, straw was offered twice a day for 10 d and thrice a day during subsequent period of 10 d. Rate of passage of feed residue through digestive tract was determined at the end of each period. Berseem straw contained 83.8% DM, 12.5% CP, 1.7% EE, 33.6% CF, 12.2% Ash and 40% NFE oo DM basisi The digestibilities of DM, CP, EE and NFE in goat and sheep were similar, however, CF digestibility was higher (P<0.05) In sheep than in goats. The rate of passage of digesta indicated similar 5% excretion time in both species, but there was significant difference in rumen retention tame and mean retention time in both the species. Voluntary intake of berseem straw (kg/100 kg b.wt.) was higher (P<0.01) in sheep than in goats Irrespective of feeding frequency,
Corriedale
Digestive tract
Digestion
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Oats hay prepared by sun curing was chopped and fed as sole feed to sheep and goats (5 each). The oats hay contained 91.7, 8.2, 40.0, 1.8, 43.0 and 8.3% OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and total ash respectively. The daily DMI as % BW was 3.23 ± 0.09 in sheep and 2.68 ± 0.09 in goats respectively. The digestibility of most of the nutrients from oats hay was significtnly higher in sheep than goats. Utilisation of nutrient from oats hay was better in sheep than goats.
Avena
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6 adult local male goats (10m; 17.83kg) and 6 Deccani rams (14m, 24.25kg) were fed exclusively on dry Mulberry (Morus alba))eaves sor 28d. The DM intake was 2.74 and 3.55kg/100 kg body weight in goats and sheep respectively which was78 and 146% of their requirements. CP and CF digestibilities, N and P balances and DCP values were higher (P<0.05) in sheep than in goats. All the experimental animals were on positive N, Ca and P balances. The leaves contained 10.71 and 12.23 percent DCP and 71.33 and 70.00 percent TDN for goats and sheep respectively.
Eaves
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