Laurance David Hall
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Graduate students
Endowment
Investment
Phenomenon
Endowment policy
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ABSTRACT The concept of Istibdal endowment is a way to develop waqf property to be more productive and able to provide a better and stable financial investment. To implement istibdal waqf property, some conditions have been set to ensure the implementation of the concept is consistent and meets the conditions prescribed by the jurists. Therefore, the aspect emphasized in this study is the establishment of the four sects of priests towards the istibdal endowment. The main objective of this study is to present the cases of istibdal endowment and the effects of its implementation in the state. In general, this study is based on two main methodological literature review and field survey. For the literature review, it had been done by collecting data and information on istibdal endowment of basic resources and then the opinions had been explained. The field studies were carried out by collecting data and information on the implementation of istibdal endowment in Islamic Religious Council as well as surveys and interviews with the parties involved. This study was conducted to determine the implementation of istibdal endowment in the state of Kedah that had given a positive impact by analyzing a number of cases related to it. During the entire study, it was found that the implementation of istibdal endowment in Kedah has provided substantial benefits to the community.
Endowment
Waqf
Investment
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Endowment
Relocation
Endowment effect
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Abstract This paper shows the spread of waqf endowments in the medieval Islamic world, especially in Egypt, Syria and Ottoman Turkey, based on narrative and archival sources, and discusses what purposes and motives for endowments and their social effects were. Finally, it goes on to state the features of the waqf endowment (combination of personal and religious motives, and of egoistic and altruistic wishes), in comparison with endowments in other regions such as Europe, India, China and Japan.
Waqf
Endowment
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The IIUM Endowment Fund (IEF) plays a vital role in assisting IIUM students financially. The IEF has served the needy in IIUM more than a decade through the application of waqf, as well as other methods, such as zakat, investment and collection campaigns. In particular, IIUM students face financial difficulty regarding the payment of tuition fees and living expenses, whilst studying at the university. The IEF is very much focused on increasing its collections each year. Based on the waqf concept applied by IEF, this paper will explore how this concept contributes in facilitating the IEF in its fund collections.
Endowment
Waqf
Exploratory research
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The article reveals the endowment funds’ formation issues of universities both in Russia and abroad, and compares their quantitative indicators. The review of publications by various scientists on the formation and use of endowment funds given in the article allows us to assess the importance of this type of endowment capital and to clarify their role in the universities’ activities. The article also pays attention to the sources of replenishment and spending directions of endowment funds of Russian universities in comparison with foreign universities. The paper presents a modern practices description of using endowment capital, the authors indicate the changes that have occurred in this way in the practice of Russian universities. As a problem, the authors of the article consider approaches to assessing the use effectiveness of endowment funds. In particular, the article calculates the endowment funds’ effectiveness of Russian universities using the Hansmann model. The result of the calculations showed the endowment funds’ effectiveness of the universities selected for the study, but, at the same time pointed out at difficulties in selecting the information necessary for calculations and serious differences in approaches to the endowment capital use of the universities themselves.
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Investment
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Endowment for a rainy day? An empirical analysis of endowment spending by operating public charities
Abstract There has been growing public attention to the accumulation and spending of endowments in recent years. Scholars have offered different theories on the objective of endowments that have different implications for endowment spending. Yet, there are limited empirical studies and they mostly focus on universities. Using the Form 990 data between 2009 and 2016, this study examines how endowments are actually spent for four types of operating charities, including museums, universities, hospitals, and K‐12 schools. The descriptive results show that there are considerable cross‐sectional differences in endowment characteristics across these types of organizations. The fixed effects analyses further demonstrate different types of organizations have different payout responses to changes in endowment returns, non‐endowment income, and contributions to endowment. However, the study does not find any empirical evidence that organizations use endowments as rainy day funds. This article extends the understanding on endowment spending behavior from universities to other types of operating charities that also hold endowments. The findings provide empirical evidence that may inform the existing debate on endowment spending and have practical implications for endowment management.
Endowment
Empirical evidence
Endowment effect
Empirical Research
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By use the concept and theory of 'Resource Endowment Theory' which created by western famous economist: B.Ohlin,it studies the resource endowment factors of bauxite deposit in north Guizhou,discusses the exploration ways of bauxite and carries out the primary pattern of bauxite exploration in north Guizhou.
Endowment
Mineral resource classification
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Datian Township of Wuyi County, one of the few underdeveloped townships in Zhejiang Province, reaches only 47.58 % of the national standards for well-off life. There are two reasons for this: one is the scanty resources, and the other is the poor resource endowment. In order to practice the antipoverty programs better and secure a well-off society in Datian as soon as possible, the government has to, while introducing great quantities of production resources (capital and entrepreneurial ability in particular), integrate its existing resources and maximize its economic output, as is its first and foremost work. the intelligence of and secure it a well-off difference between existing resources endowment.
Endowment
Capital (architecture)
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Waqf is one of Islamic financial instruments which has important functions in the development of Islamic economy, especially for Muslim countries including Indonesia. Indonesia as the largest Muslim country in the world has a great potential in management of endowment funds for development as well as other countries that have been successful in managing their endowments fund productively such as Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Kuwait and Pakistan. The successful of management endowment fund can not be separated from the role of a nazir who manages endowment funds optimally. Therefore, a nazir is required to be competent and professional with their competency and fulfil the certain criteria in the hope the endowment fund can be managed more productively.
Waqf
Endowment
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