Wear and Tribological Properties of Silicon-Containing Diamond-Like Carbon (Si-DLC) Coatings Synthesized with Nitrogen, Argon Plus Nitrogen, and Argon Ion Beams
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Abstract : Hard, adherent, and low-friction silicon-containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC) have been synthesized at room temperature by 40 keV (N(+) + N2(+)), 50% Ar(+)/50% (N(+) + N2(+)), and Ar(+) ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) of a tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane oil on silicon and sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all coatings were amorphous. The average coating wear rate and the average unlubricated steel ball-on-disk friction coefficient, mu, decreased with increasing fraction of nitrogen in the ion beam, along with an increase in the average coating growth rate. The Knoop microhardness and nanohardness values of the coatings synthesized by the mixed argon and nitrogen ion beam were higher than the values for the coatings synthesized with 100% nitrogen or 100% argon ion beams. These friction/wear improvements are tentatively attributed to both increased hardening due to greater penetration and ionization induced hardening by the lighter (N) ions and to the presence of SiO2 on the surface of N-bombarded samples.Keywords:
Diamond-like carbon
Carbon fibers
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Diamond-like carbon
Carbon fibers
Deposition
Coefficient of friction
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Abstract The potential gradient in wall-stabilized atmospheric pressure arcs in argon, nitrogen and argon-nitrogen mixtures has been measured over the current range 5 to 40 A. The potential gradient was measured by four methods which were found to agree to within 3%. The values obtained were found to be a function of the state of the surface of the discs forming the arc channel and independent of the gas flow rate in the range l·-9·0 1/min. The results demonstrate that the effect of a small trace of nitrogen in argon is much greater than that of a small trace of argon in nitrogen. For example, at 26 A 5% nitrogen in argon increases the potential gradient by ∼30%, while 5% argon in nitrogen reduces it by ∼ 3% from the pure argon and pure nitrogen values, respectively. A simple two zone arc model is used to explain the results. This model indicates that the arc in argon entirely fills the channel for currents greater than 5 A. However, when nitrogen is added a central core is formed whose diameter decreases as the nitrogen concentration is increased, the current being kept constant.
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Tribology is related to all studies on friction, wear and lubrication. One of the main aims of these studies is a reduction in friction and wear. Tribology is extremely vast, being also multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary. Therefore, it is very difficult to organize the several tribology subjects in an unique way and different classifications have been proposed by different authors. In this work, the several subjects treated by tribology are reviewed and organized in six branches: Fundamental Tribology, Tribology of Materials and Lubricants, Micro and Nanotribology, Industrial Tribology, Biotribology and New Frontiers of Tribology. The main subjects treated by the six branches are briefly reviewed in the paper in order to highlight the vastness of tribology and its important contribution to sustainability. Particularly friction and wear reductions are strictly related to greater efficiency and material saving, which mean less energy losses and material wastes, less pollution and therefore a more sustainable life according to the Sustainable Development Goals. The connections among the latter and the several different tribological subjects are discussed.
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Carbon fibers
Ladle
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Diamond like carbon(DLC)films have been studied for many years as wear resistant materials with low friction coefficient.Its tribological behavior is strongly affected by both the tribotesting environment and the nature of the films,which may in turn be dependent on the techniques used for the deposition of the films.This paper presents the friction and wear properties of DLC films prepared by various techniques,and reviews the influence of testing environment on the tribological behavior,such as load,sliding speed,atmosphere and humidity.Mechanisms proposed to explain the tribological properties are presented and discussed.
Diamond-like carbon
Carbon fibers
Deposition
Coefficient of friction
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Tribological properties of Diamond Like Carbon coatings in hydrogen-free (Gl) and hydrogenated (Dl) forms were investigated. Coefficient of Friction (CoF) of both Gl and Dl was found to increase with normal load. For Gl, it was destruction of lubricious tribo-layers at high load while for Dl, it was the formation of active atomic sites passivating themselves by interacting with surface atoms present in the counter body.
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Carbon fibers
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