Chemical Characterization of the Lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas solanacearum
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Abstract:
The carbohydrates present in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas solanacearum are rhamnose, xylose, 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, glucose, heptose, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. LPS extracted from cultures grown on either glycerol or glucose (as the major source of carbon) and extracted after various incubation periods had similar compositions. The LPS from several strains of the bacterium contained the same component sugars, but the amounts of each sugar varied considerably. It was observed, however, that xylose and 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose increased proportionately with rhamnose, the major component. Phenol-water-extracted LPS contained measurable amounts of nucleic acid, protein, and arabinan, but none of these polymers were detected in LPS extracted with phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether. Polysaccharides liberated from LPS by mild acid hydrolysis were purified by gel filtration. Carbohydrate analysis of the LPS from a virulent, fluidal strain (K60) showed that the O-specific antigen consisted of rhamnose, xylose, and 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose in the proportions 4:1:1. The LPS of an avirulent, afluidal strain (B1) lacked the O-specific antigen; the R-core region consisted of rhamnose, glucose, heptose, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. Methylation analysis indicated that the K60 O-specific antigen was composed of a hexasaccharide repeating unit containing 3-, 2-, and 3,4-substituted rhamnopyranosyl residues, 3-substituted 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, and terminal xylopyranose in the molar ratios 2:1:1:1:1.Keywords:
Rhamnose
Heptose
Monosaccharide
Abstract Monosaccharides released by acid hydrolysis from paddy field soil, from the light and the heavy fraction of soil, front some plant fragment were determined using automated anio-exchange chromatography. Between 5 and 12 per cent of the organic carbon was present as saccharides. The monosaccharide composition of the different soils was very similar, in spite of differences in the absolute amount of saccharides present. The amount of the various monosaccharide in the whole soil was found to be in the order glucose»xylose galactose, mannose, arabinose rhamnose ribose. The monoccharide composition of the soils showed a marked contrast to that of the rice ra8ment, and partially decomposed plant remains taken from the soil. Glucose, xylose, arabi-the predominant saccharides in the rice fragments and the plant remains, while the amounts of galactose, mannose, rhamnose were negligibly small. It was found that the proportion of galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose in the heavy fraction Of soil was greater than that of glucose, xylose, and arabinose The present observation was in agreement with the view that soil sauharides comprised Pentoses originates in plant materials. The molar ratio of xylose to mannose was calculated to show the characteristics of the mono-saccharide composition of soils and some plant muerials.
Rhamnose
Arabinose
Monosaccharide
Ribose
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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of eight strains of R. aquatilis isolated from different sources have been studied. The studies of neutral monosaccharide composition evidence that all of LPS contain galactose (13.4-68.5%), glucose (5.7-29.8%) and heptose (2.6-8.3%) (depending on strains). Some monosaccharides, such as ribose (95U007), rhamnose (95U011, 95U012, 96U036), fucose (95U003, 95U004, 95U007) and mannose (95U012, 96U035, 96U036, 96U037) were absent in LPS. Arabinose was present in two strains--95U003 and 95U007. On the basis of monosaccharide composition all investigated LPS can be divided into six groups. It was shown by double immunodiffusion in agar that all R. aquatilis LPS displayed antigenic activity in homological systems. The results of serological cross reactions indicate the immunochemical heterogeneity of R. aquatilis species.
Monosaccharide
Rhamnose
Arabinose
Heptose
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Results of monosaccharide analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum lipopolysaccharides of the strains of different geographical origin are shown. Such monosaccharides as glucose, rhamnose and glucosamine prevail. Following the results of analysis, strains with supposedly truncated O-polysaccharide are revealed. As to their quantitative and monosaccharide composition of LPS the strains have demonstrated high level of heterogeneity.
Monosaccharide
Ralstonia solanacearum
Rhamnose
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Objective To separate and purify of Kaxigar munaka grapevine bleeding sap polysaccharides and analysis of monosaccharide composition.Methods Prepare crude polysaccharide using alcohol precipitation and by improved Sevage method.Purify the obtained crude polysaccharide by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography.Analysis the monosaccharide composition by gas chromatography.Results To get crude polysaccharide by 80% alcohol precipitation and to remove proteins by Sevage method.The crude polysaccharide was separated by DEAE-52,and obtained 8 polysaccharides,respectively GBSK-1,GBSK-2,GBSK-3,GBSK-4,GBSK-5,GBSK-6,GBSK-7and GBSK-8.After being purified,4polysaccharides eluting peaks were unimodal.From the result obtained by GC analysis,monosaccharide composition of GBSK-3 was relatively simple and mainly composed of xylose.The polysaccharides GBSK-2,GBSK-5 had similar monosaccharide composition and they were mainly composed of rhamnose,arabinose,mannose,glucose and galactose.While the polysaccharides GBSK-1was mainly composed of rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,mannose,glucose and galactose.Conclusion Results indicate that this method is suitable for the separation and purification of grapevine bleeding sap polysaccharide.It is suitable to analysis the monosaccharide composition of grapevine bleeding sap polysaccharides by gas chromatography.A scientific basis is provided for the development and utilization of grapevine bleeding sap.
Monosaccharide
Rhamnose
Arabinose
Ethanol precipitation
Sephadex
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Objective: A comprehensive monosaccharide quantifying method was developed in this article. Monosaccharides (including glucose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose) were analyzed by RP-HPLC-DAD method. Meanwhile, mannitol and fructose were calculated based on peak areas obtained by HPIEC-RID and corresponding data obtained by RP-HPLC-DAD. Monosaccharide compositions of CDSC were analyzed, nine kinds of monosacchardes (glucose, arabinose, galctose, galacturonic acid, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, fructose and mannitol) in were quantified. Keywords: Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, soluble carbohydrates, monosaccharide compositions, high performance liquid chromatography, high-performance ion exclusion chromatography, herbal medicine.
Monosaccharide
Rhamnose
Arabinose
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Rhamnose
Monosaccharide
Arabinose
Glycosidic bond
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Monosaccharide
Rhamnose
Ulva lactuca
Arabinose
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Lipopolysaccharides from 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing seven serotypes of the Habs scheme have been analysed. The lipid A fractions, obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides, contained phosphorylated glucosamine residues substituted with dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, 2 hydroxydodecanoic, 3-hydroxydecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acids (hexadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxdodecanoic acid were absent from one lipid A). Low-molecular-weight solutes released during the mild hydrolyses included 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, inorganic orthophosphates and pyrophosphates, ethanolamine mono, pyro and triphosphates. For most strains two polysaccharide fractions, one of which appeared to be the common core polysaccharide, were obtained. The major identifiable components and their approximate proportions in the core polysaccharides were glucose (3-4), rhamnose (1), galactosamine (1), alanine (1-1.5), phosphorus (4-6) and heptose (1-2). Rhamnose was absent from one polysaccharide another lacked both rhamnose and alanine but contained glucosamine. Small amounts of various amino sugars found in other core polysaccharides could be associated with the presence of higher-molecular-weight material. Such material was isolated from strain NCIB 8626. The high-molecular-weight polysaccharides obtained from ten strains were probably heterogeneous and consisted mainly of amino compounds, though rhamnose was a major component of four polysaccharades and arabinose was present in another. Fucosamine was the most common amino sugar, but quinovosamine, glucosamine, galactosamine, a possible aminohexuronic acid and unidentified amino compounds were also detected. The results of the survey are discussed in terms of the serological classification of the bacteria and of their sensitivity to EDTA.
Rhamnose
Heptose
Arabinose
Amino sugar
Galactosamine
Lipid A
Alanine
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Molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides of Sichuan,Zhejiang and Fujian were respectively analyzed by HPLC and GC.The result shows that these three kind of Flammulina velutipes all have two kind of polysaccharides of different molecular weight,high molecular weight in 1064661～1293488 u and low molecular weight in 19136～19829 u,polysacchrides of high molecular weight of Sichuan and Zhejiang Flammulina velutipes both have five monosaccharide,which were rhamnose,arabinose,mannose,glucose,galactose,and Fujian Flammulina velutipe has only 4 monosaccharide without rhamnose.
Flammulina
Rhamnose
Monosaccharide
Arabinose
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