Grid Resource Management: Toward Virtual and Services Compliant Grid Computing
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Grid technology offers the potential for providing secure access to remote services, thereby promoting scientific collaborations in an unprecedented scale. Grid Resource Management: Toward Virtual and Services Compliant Grid Computing presents a comprehensive account of the architectural issues of grid technology, such as security, data management, logging, and aggregation of services, as well as related technologies. After covering grid usages, grid systems, and the evolution of grid computing, the book discusses operational issues associated with web services and service-oriented architecture. It also explores technical and business topics relevant to data management, the development and characteristics of P2P systems, and a grid-enabled virtual file system (GRAVY) that integrates underlying heterogeneous file systems into a unified location-transparent file system of the grid. The book covers scheduling algorithms, strategies, problems, and architectures as well as workflow managementsystems and semantic technologies. In addition, the authors describe how to deploy scientific applications into a grid environment. They also explain grid engineering and grid service programming. Examining both data and execution management in grid computing, this book chronicles the current trend of grid developments toward a more service-oriented approach that exposes grid protocols using web services standards.Keywords:
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Grid computing, one of the latest buzzwords in the ICT industry, is emerging as a new paradigm for Internet-based parallel and distributing computing. Despite a number of advances in grid computing, resource management and application scheduling in such environments continues to be a challenging and complex undertaking. This is due to geographic distribution of grid resources owned by different organizations with different usage policies, cost models and varying load and availability patterns with time. This tutorial introduces fundamental principles of grid computing and computational economy and discusses how they impact on emerging computational and data grid technologies. It identifies resource management challenges and introduces new challenges and requirements introduced by the grid economy on grid service providers (GSPs) and grid service consumers. The tutorial presents a service-oriented grid architecture inspired by computational economies and demonstrates how it can be realized by leveraging the existing grid technologies and building new economic-oriented capabilities and components. We present solutions to these challenges based on our experience in designing and developing market-oriented Gridbus technologies such as Grid Market Directory, Grid Bank, Grid Service Broker, Workflow Engine, and SLA-based enterprise Grid Resource Allocation system. Case studies on the use of Gridbus middleware in the creation of various e-science and e-business applications and their deployment on national/international utility-oriented grids along with its impact on emerging cloud computing paradigm will also be highlighted.
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Grid technology aims to help eliminate isolated island of hardware and software resources,so that users can achieve the sharing and managing of many kinds of resources and easily provide services on the entire grid.Currently,the great challenge from the requirements of many popular grid applications is how to share and manage data resources in grid architecture.This paper introduces the architecture design to realize publishing data resources efficiently in grid environment,and then applies this idea in the implementation of data publishing system for scientific data grid.
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This chapter discusses the major architectural components of a grid. These include the portal/user interface function; the grid security infrastructure function; the node security function; the broker function; the Scheduler function; the data management function; the job management and resource management function; the and user/application submission function. While there is no universal consensus as of yet, on what the canonical components of a grid should be (also being that there are several types of grids from a functional perspective), there is general agreement of what the high-level fundamental building blocks are. These fundamental building blocks are discussed in this chapter. The chapter provides three views to the components: a functional view, a physical view, and a service view. A planner wishing to use grid principles and wishing to deploy a grid mechanism in his/her Fortune 500 company, will have to deploy and support a number of these components, perhaps all, depending on the application and situation. From a service perspective, the following are discussed: Service-Oriented Architectures; Simple Object Access Protocol; Web Services standards; Web Services Description Language; Web Services Inspection Language; Universal Description, Discovery and Integration; and Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF).
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About the Author. Preface.Acknowldegments. 1. Introduction. 1.1 What Is Grid Computing And What Are The Key Issues? 1.2 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Grid Computing. 1.3 Grid Types, Topologies, Components, Layers -- A Preliminary View. 1.4 Comparison With Other Approaches. 1.5 A First View at Grid Computing Standards. 1.6 A Pragmatic Course of Investigation. 2. Grid Benefits and Status of Technology. 2.1 Motivations For Considering Computational Grids. 2.2 Brief History of Computing, Communications, and Grid Computing. Communication. Computation. Grid Technology. 2.3 Is Grid Computing Ready for Prime Time? 2.4 Early Suppliers and Vendors. 2.5 Possible Economic Value. 2.5.1 Possible Economic Value: One Statea s Positioning. 2.5.2 Possible Economic Value: Extrapolation. 2.6 Challenges. 3. Components of Grid Computing Systems/Architectures. 3.1 Overview. 3.2 Basic Constituent Elements -- A Functional View. Portal/User Interface Function/Functional Block. The Grid Security Infrastructure: User Security Function/Functional Block. Node Security Function/Functional Block. Broker Function/Functional Block And Directory. Scheduler Function/Functional Block. Data Management Function/Functional Block. Job Management And Resource Management Function/Functional Block. User/Application Submission Function/Functional Block. Resources. Protocols. 3.3 Basic Constituent Elements -- A Physical View. Networks. Computation. Storage. Scientific Instruments. Software and licenses. 3.4 Basic Constituent Elements -- Service View. 4. Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSI. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Motivations for Standardization. 4.3 Architectural Constructs. 4.3.1 Definitions. 4.3.2 Protocol Perspective. 4.3.3 Going From Art To Science. 4.4 What is OGSA/OGSI? A Practical View. 4.5 OGSA/OGSI Service Elements and Layered Model. 4.5.1 Key Aspects. 4.5.2 Ancillary Aspects. 4.5.3 Implementations of OGSI. 4.6 What is OGSA/OGSI? A More Detailed View. 4.6.1 Introduction. 4.6.2 Setting the Context. 4.6.3 The Grid Service. 4.6.4 WSDL Extensions and Conventions. 4.6.5 Service Data. 4.6.6 Core Grid Service Properties. 4.6.7 Other Details. 4.7 A Possible Application Of OGSA/OGSI To Next--Generation Open--Source Outsourcing. 4.7.1 Opportunities. 4.7.2 Outsourcing Trends. 5. Standards Supporting Grid Computing: OGSA. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Functionality Requirements. 5.2.1 Basic Functionality Requirements. 5.2.2 Security Requirements. 5.2.3 Resource Management Requirements. 5.2.4 System Properties Requirements. 5.2.5 Other Functionality Requirements. 5.3 OGSA Service Taxonomy. 5.3.1 Core Services. 5.3.2 Data Services. 5.3.3 Program Execution. 5.3.4 Resource Management. 5.4 Service Relationships. 5.4.1 Service Composition. 5.4.2 Service Orchestration. 5.4.3 Types of Relationships. 5.4.4 Platform Services. 5.5 OGSA Services. 5.5.1 Handle Resolution. 5.5.2 Virtual Organization Creation and Management. 5.5.3 Service Groups and Discovery Services. 5.5.4 Choreography, Orchestration and Workflow. 5.5.5 Transactions. 5.5.6 Metering Service. 5.5.7 Rating Service. 5.5.8 Accounting Service. 5.5.9 Billing and Payment Service. 5.5.10 Installation, Deployment, and Provisioning. 5.5.11 Distributed Logging. 5.5.12 Messaging and Queuing. 5.5.13 Event. 5.5.14 Policy and Agreements. 5.5.15 Base Data Services. 5.5.16 Other Data Services. 5.5.17 Discovery Services. 5.5.18 Job Agreement Service. 5.5.19 Reservation Agreement Service. 5.5.20 Data Access Agreement Service. 5.5.21 Queuing Service. 5.5.22 Open Grid Services Infrastructure. 5.5.23 Common Management Model. 5.6 Security Considerations. 5.7 Examples of OGSA Mechanisms in Support of VO Structures. 6. Grid System Deployment Issues and Approaches. 6.1 Generic Implementations: Globus Toolkit. 6.1.1 Globus Toolkit tools and APIs. 6.1.2 Details on Key Tookit Protocols. 6.1.3 Globus Toolkit Version 3. 6.1.4 Applications. 6.2 Grid Computing Environments. 6.3 Basic Grid Deployment and Management Issues. 6.3.1 Products Categories. 6.3.2 Business Grid Types. 6.3.3 Deploying a Basic Computing Grid. 6.3.4 Deploying More Complex Computing Grids. 6.3.5 Grid Networking Infrastucture Required for Deployment. 6.3.6 Grid Operation -- Basic Steps. 6.3.7 Deployment Challenges and Approaches. 6.4 Grid Security Details -- Deployment Peace of Mind. 6.4.1 Basic Approach and Mechanisms. 6.4.2 Additional Perspectives. 6.4.3 Conclusion. 7. Grid System Economics. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Grid Economic Services Architecture. 7.2.1 Introduction. 7.2.2 Overview. 7.2.3 The Chargeable Grid Service (CGS). 7.2.4 The Grid Payment System. 7.2.5 GPSHold Service. 7.2.6 The Grid CurrencyExchange Service. 7.2.7 An Example. 7.2.8 Security Considerations. 8. Communication Systems for Local Grids. 8.1 Introduction and Positioning. 8.2 SAN--related Technology. 8.2.1 Fibre Channel Technology -- Native Mode. 8.2.2 Fibre Channel Technology -- Tunneled Modes. 8.3 LAN--related Technology. 8.3.1 Standards. 8.3.2 Key concepts. 9. Communication systems for national grids. 9.1 MLF. 9.1.1 Motivations and Scope. 9.1.2 Multilink Frame Relay. 9.2 MPLS Technology. 9.2.1 Approaches. 9.2.2 MPLS Operation. 9.2.3 Key Mechanisms Supporting MPLS. 9.2.4 Service Availability. 10. Communication Systems for Global Grids. 10.1 The Basics of Layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs. 10.2 The Layer 3 Approach. 10.3 Layer 2 MPLS VPNs--A Different Philosophy. 10.4 Which Works Better Where?. 10.5 A Grid Computing Application. References. Glossary. Index.
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Currently, the grid computing community is undergoing a paradigm shift from the traditional resource-centric model to a service-oriented one. The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) from the Global Grid Forum proposes that Web service-like abstractions be used to encapsulate shared grid resources for service-oriented grid computing. An important management component of such an infrastructure which is essential for its success in enterprise environments, is the metering and accounting for grid service usage. This paper explores the problem space and presents an architecture that addresses this need. We start by defining taxonomy of grid services from the perspective of usage metering, charging and business models. We discuss how service usage can be measured, aggregated and communicated in a uniform way. Finally, we report on a prototype design and implementation. Market economics-driven issues such as pricing are not discussed in this paper.
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In this paper, we carry out the performance evaluation of satellite image resampling software, which follows service-oriented architecture and the service executes on a distributed operating system. The parameters, which are used for performance evaluation, include load balancing under multiple instance execution, overheads of process migration, effect of file caching and replication and performance of resampling service under different file access modes.
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Grid computing technology is developing in an impressing speed these years. This paper is going to do some detailed analysis on two of the major Grid projects, Globus and Legion, in order to find out the key technologies of Grid computing.In this paper, three key technologies will be discussed: Grid Architecture, Grid Data and Resource Services, and Grid Security Services. Different implementation of these technologies will be discussed and compared with each other, some new ideas about these technologies will be proposed as well.
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Grid, another technical innovation following Internet, makes it possible to integrate all kinds of resources on networks. This paper illuminates the conception and different types of grid, introduces the OGSA(open grid services architecture) and related supporting technologies, and the applications of grid to the life science research.The potential applications of grid to the life science research are also discussed.
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