Effect of feeding artificial diets to honey bees during dearth period under Panchkula (Haryana) conditions
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Six protein-rich pollen substitutes and supplements were formulated with the help of locally available protein rich ingredients: defatted soy flour, parched gram, brewer's yeast, soy protein hydrolysate, spirulina, skimmed milk powder and natural pollen. These formulations were fed to Apis mellifera colonies in the form of patties on top bars of hive during summer dearth periods. Results on the preference of bees for the formulated diets showed that diet 3 (defatted soy four, brewer's yeast and soy protein hydrolysate powder) proved to be most effective with 2155.3 cm2 sealed brood area, 5.8 total bee covered frames and 11509 bee population.Keywords:
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fermented azolla as fish meal substitute in the tilapia fry diet (Oreochromis niloticus) on growth performance, survival and feed utilization.In the experiment, the fry length initially ranging between (2.160±0.090cm and 2.540±0.060cm) and weight initially ranging between (0.190±0.010 g and 0.210±0.010g) were fed on practical basal diet (30% crude protein) in the form of pellet during rearing period of 60 days.The fermented azolla were incorporated in the experimental diet at various levels such as 0% azolla, 10% fermented azolla, 20% fermented azolla and 30% fermented azolla to formulate four different test diets along with control diet.(Basal diet, without incorporation of fermented azolla, was used as control diet).The experimental fishes were fed with the experimental diet at of 7% of the body weight twice a day.Among the experimental treatments, the treatment 20% fermented azolla showed significantly higher growth parameters such as length gain (178.586±11.313%),weight gain (1346.770±70.251%),specific growth rate (4.449±0.083%),average daily growth (2.840±0.057%)and survival (95.556±2.222%).The feed utilization in terms of feed conversion ratio (1.236±0.030%)was significantly lower in 20% fermented azolla than control group, whereas protein efficiency ratio (4.145±0.169) in 20% fermented azolla showed significantly higher than that of other treatments.Azolla has a higher crude protein content (ranging from 19 to 30%) than most green forage crops and aquatic macrophytes and rather favorable essential amino acid (EAA) composition for animal nutrition (rich in lysine), it has also attracted the Tilapia, fermented azolla, growth, survival
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An experiment including 180, day old White Leghorn chicks of identical weights was conducted to see the effect of enzyme supplementation in their rations containing various combinations of coarse cereals and oilseed meals. These chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments. Control diet 1 (T1) was formulated using maize, deoiled rice polish, soybean meal, fish meal, minerals and vitamins supplements. While, control diet 2 (T2) was similar to T1 except that it was devoid of fish meal. In diet 3, as cereal, 15% maize along with 85% sorghum and ragi in equal proportion and as vegetable protein supplement 30% soybean meal along with 70% niger and sesame cakes were used in equal proportion (T3). In diet 4, maize and ragi as cereal and soybean meal, niger and sesame cakes as protein supplement were used in equal proportion (T4). In diet 5, maize and soybean meal both were completely replaced using equal combinations of sorghum and ragi and niger and sesame cake, respectively (T5). Diet T3 and T6 were almost same except that diet T6 was not supplemented with lysine. Diets T4, T5, and T6 were supplemented with enzymes (β-D glycosidases, cellulases, proteases, amylases, phytase) @ 50g/100kg diet. All the diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Studies revealed that supplementation of enzyme on coarse cereals and oilseed meals based diets did not improve the performance of chickens.
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Experiment was conducted to develop efficient and cheap pollen substitute for dearth period management of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Bee colonies were provided six different pollen substitutes viz., full fat soy flour (FFSF), roasted full fat soy flour (RFFSF), germinated soybean flour (GSF), defatted soy flour (DFSF), roasted defatted soy flour (RDFSF), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and compared with the control (no feeding) to determine their impact on desirable attributes of bee colonies. Results indicated that the per cent palatability of all the diets were more than 60%. A gradual increase in brood area, honey store and pollen store were observed after feeding in all the diet combination, viz SPC, followed by GSF, DFSF, FFSF and RDFSF. All the desirable parameters were found to be least in RFFSF. However, all the diets were found significantly superior over control. Significant increase in the foraging activity of the bees was found to be in colonies fed with pollen substitute. Cost and shelf-life of these patties were also calculated, in support of the adoption of these patties. Present work revealed that SPC was the best substitute for bees during the dearth period.
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Soy flour
Bee Pollen
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of supplement diets on flight activities of cross breed honeybee (Apis mellifera Lin.) in Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment consisted of five replications and four feeding treatments: feeding low dose sugar (syrup of 166 g sugar); feeding high dose sugar (syrup of 333 g sugar); feeding modified diet (syrup of 166 g sugar + 30 g pollen substitute); and control (no diet supplement except 250 g sugar honey candy to prevent from starvation). Each hive (replication) consisted of five-framed A. mellifera colony, which were fed for six days with four days breaks in each feeding and altogether eleven feedings were provided. Sugar syrup feeding stimulated bee foragers flights by 908-987% out-going and 578-704% in-coming, respectively. Modified diet (low dose sugar syrup combined with pollen substitute) was suitable for off-season management of honeybee colonies, which supported high rate of flight activities i.e. 3.3 times out-going and 2.8 times in-coming as compared to the control colonies. Other treatments were intermediate types. The combined diet also showed higher flights than feeding low dose sugar syrup alone indicating necessity of feeding appropriate diet during off-season under Chitwan condition for good flight and foraging activities of honeybees.
Key words: Pollen substitutes, sugar syrup/sugar-honey candy, out-going, in-coming, cross breed
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:71-76 (2005)
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A healthy honey bee stock is critical to the beekeeping industry and the sustainability of the ecosystem. The quality of the supplemental diet influences the development and strength of the colony, especially during the pollen dearth period in the surrounding environment. However, the extent to which pollen substitute protein feeding affects honey bee colony parameters is not fully known. We conducted this study to test the influence of various supplemental diets on foraging effort, pollen load, capped brood area, population density, and honey yield. The treatment groups were supplied with patties of pollen substitute diets, whereas sugar syrup was given to the control group. Our results indicated that honey bees consumed a significantly higher amount of Diet 1 (45 g soybean flour + 15 g Brewer’s yeast + 75 g powdered sugar + 7.5 g skimmed milk + 7.5 g date palm pollen + 200 mL sugar syrup supplement with Vitamin C) followed by others supplemented diets. Further, pollen load, worker-sealed brood area, population strength, and honey yield differed significantly when Diet 1 was consumed instead of other supplemental diets. The proportion of biological parameters was less in the control group as compared to other treatments. This study highlights the potential of supplemental diets to improve the bee’s health and colony development when the pollens availability and diversity are insufficient.
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Galleria mellonella L.is widely used for insect physiology and biochemistry,insecticide screening,insect toxicology and so on,therefore good and cheap artificial diets are important for mass rearing of G.mellonella.As the main components,milk powder and yeast powder were studied.Five groups of artificial diets were used for rearing G.mellonella.Based on the comparison of different stages and laying eggs,the optimized diet was obtained,with milk powder 50 g,yeast powder 20 g,wheat flour 100 g,wheat bran 100 g,maize flour 100 g,wax 50 g,honey 50 g and glycerine 60 g.It was confirmed that yeast powder had important positive effect on larvae and pupae development and reproductive performance,and milk powder had the positive effect on larvae development and reproductive performance,but the effect was not as strong as yeast powder.Furthermore they had no effect on the longevity of adult moths.
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The study was conducted to evaluate performance of fish silage as a potential source of animal origin protein to replace plant origin soybean protein at different levels in the diets of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Five experimental diets were prepared to replace soybean meal with fish silage @ 15 (D2), 30 (D3), 45 (D4) and 60% (D5) against control (D1) diet. No significant effect on water quality was recorded due to replacement of soybean meal with fish silage protein at different levels. Significantly (P<0.05) high specific growth rate was recorded in group D4 (0.77±0.03) and protein efficiency ratio in D3 (0.71±0.008) whereas minimum feed conversion ratio was found in group D4 (2.22±0.08). In present study, replacing soybean meal with 45% fish silage containing 34.98% protein (D4) showed optimum incorporation level in the diet of common carp fingerlings.
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Common carp
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Journal Article A Comparison of Certain Artificial Diets for Laboratory Cultures of the Pink Bollworm Get access Perry L. Adkission, Perry L. Adkission Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Bull, D. L. Bull Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. E. Allison W. E. Allison Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 53, Issue 5, 1 October 1960, Pages 791–793, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.5.791 Published: 01 October 1960 Article history Accepted: 04 April 1960 Published: 01 October 1960
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Pink bollworm
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Weanling
Locust bean gum
Protein quality
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Abstract Soy flour and blood meal were acceptable feed ingredients in starter diets for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Corn gluten meal was a less suitable feed ingredient, and wheat germ meal appeared to reduce survival. One or more other ingredients, among wheat middlings, dried brewers yeast, dried whey, and dried fish solubles, are suspected of causing excessive mortality and reduced growth in lake trout fry. A satisfactory starter diet for lake trout fry can be produced from herring meal, soy flour, blood meal, soy oil, and supplemental vitamins and minerals.
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Corn gluten meal
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Blood meal
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