Regional growth of spinal cord and vertebral column in goat foetuses
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Abstract:
Regional growth of spinal cord and vertebral column during the prenatal development of goat was studied using 52 foetuses of various ages. The maximum and minimum regional spinal cord length was measured in the thoracic and coccygeal regions, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between total cord length and length of different cord regions except coccygeal region. Regional length of the vertebral column was dependant on the regional length of the spinal cord except at the coccygeal region and changed accordingly. The thoracic region of spinal cord exhibited an increased growth rate over that of vertebral column during second and third month. Cervical and lumbar spinal cord regions showed isometric growth rate with corresponding vertebral column regions during all stages. The sacral region also was isometric upto fourth month, which declined in the fifth month.Keywords:
Vertebral column
Spinal column
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Total and regional allometric growth rates and termination sites of the spinal cord related to the respective vertebra were studied in 36 goat fetuses, from the Ahvaz slaughterhouse. These specimens were assigned to 3 groups, group 1 (CRL 10-20 cm), group 2 (CRL 21-30 cm), and group 3 (CRL 31-40 cm), each consisting of 6 male and 6 female fetuses. Observations in all 3 groups revealed that although the growth of the vertebral column was greater than that of the spinal cord, the difference in growth was not constant throughout the spine. While in cervical and thoracic regions the growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column was almost isometric, in the caudal part of the spine there was marked decline in growth of the spinal cord compared to the respective regions of the vertebral column. Craniocaudally, the allometric growth rate became drastically negative. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between males and females. Except in thoracic region, all other regions showed significant differences (P<0.01) between similar regions in all 3 groups. In the lumbar region of group 2 no significant difference was found (P>0.05). As a consequence of the negative allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column in the caudal part of the spine, the conus medullaris was displaced from S4-S5 in group 1 to S2 in group 3. No significant difference (P>0.05) between male and female fetuses concerning the termination of the spinal cord was found.
Vertebral column
Allometry
Vertebra
Spinal column
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Allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column was studied for the whole cord and for regional and segmental levels in 30 Iranian sheep of the Mehraban breed, divided into 5 groups comprising 3, 4 and 5 month fetuses, new born lambs, and adults, each group consisting of 6 animals. Observations in all 5 age groups revealed that although the growth of the vertebral column was greater than that of the spinal cord, the difference in growth was limited to the lumbar region and other more caudal regions. The most marked change was observed in the coccygeal region. The growth rate of the coccygeal vertebral column when compared with that of the spinal cord in this region was 2.27, 4.16, 4.76, 4.54 and 7.69 times in the 3, 4, 5 month fetuses, new born lambs and adult sheep, respectively. The allometric growth rate for individual regions indicated that in the cervical region in all age groups, the highest growth rate was at the level of C1 and the lowest at C6 and C7 vertebrae. In the thoracic region, it was higher in the caudal than the cranial part. In the lumbar and sacral regions, growth rate decreased craniocaudally. As a consequence of the negative allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column in the caudal half of spine, the conus medullaris was displaced from S4 or 3 vertebrae in the 3 month fetus to S2 in adult sheep.
Vertebral column
Allometry
Conus medullaris
Spinal column
Ovis
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