Skin Prick Test Reactivity to Common Aero and Food Allergens among Children with Allergy.
Safoora HosseiniRaheleh Shokouhi ShoormastiRozita AkramianMasoud MovahediMohammad GharagozlouNegar ForoughiBabak SabouryAnoshirvan KazemnejadMaryam Mahlooji RadSeyed Alireza MahdavianiZahra PourpakMostafa Moin
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The prevalence of allergic diseases has risen in the last decades. The objective of this study was to determine the common allergens in children via the skin prick test.This cross-sectional study recruited 313 allergic children (4 months to 18 years old) referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic of Children's Medical Center in Tehran. A questionnaire containing demographic data and patient history was completed. The Skin Prick Test (SPT) was selected according to the patients' history of food and/or aeroallergen sensitivity.Patients (62.4% male, 37.6% female) with symptoms of asthma (n=141, 57.1%), allergic rhinitis (n=50, 20.4%), atopic dermatitis (n=29, 11.7%), and urticaria (n=20, 8.1%) were studied. Positive skin prick test to at least one allergen was 58.1%. The most prevalent allergens were tree mix (26%), Alternaria alternata (26%), weed mix (23.6%), Dermatophagoides farinae (22.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (22.9%), milk (21.7%), eggs (20%), and wheat flour (18.3%). Also, common allergens in the patients with different symptoms of allergic disorders were as follows: asthma (tree mix, weed mix, and Dermatophagoides farinae); allergic rhinitis (Dermatophagoides farinae, tree mix, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus); and atopic dermatitis (Alternaria alternata, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and cockroaches).Identifying allergens in each area is necessary and has an important role in the diagnosis and management of allergic disorders and possibility of performing immunotherapy. In this study, the most common aeroallergens were tree mix, Alternaria alternata, and weed mix and also the most common food allergens were milk, eggs, and wheat. Considering these data, appropriate preventive strategies can decrease the cost and morbidity of therapeutic actions.Keywords:
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Objective:To determine allergens among 121 children with allergic diseases in Dalian.Methods:Skin prick test(SPT) was performed for 121 children with allergic diseases.Results:The positivity rate of the test was 76%(92 patients).The top five allergens were dermatophagoides farinae(47.9%),dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(45.5%),trichophyton mentagrophytes(29.8%),moulds II(28.1%) and moulds I(24.8%).Conclusion:Inhaling allergens are dominated in children with allergic diseases in Dalian.
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To investigate the characteristics and influence factors of sensitization hy allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.One thousand one hundred and twenty-four patients who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis hy clinical history and symptoms underwent a skin prick test. The percent of allergens with positive skin response and Multiple Allergens Positive Scores were recorded, and their influence factors, included age, gender and test period were evaluated.The percent of top three inhalant allergens with positive skin tests were as follow: dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (77.0%) ,dermatophagoides farina (77.1%), blattella germanica (42.3%); the percent of top three ingested allergens with loositive skintests were as follow: crab ( 39.5%), shrimp (31.1%), ribbonfish (10.8%). The average Multiple Allergens Positive Score was (3.6 +/- 2.7). The percent of allergens with positive skin response and Multiple Allergens Positive Score of different allergens changed as age, gender and text period changed, and the changing trend of them was accordant. The percent inhalant allergens with positive skin tests in dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae and cat fur in different gender showed a significant difference.Acarine allergens were the most common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The percent of allergens with positive skin response and the severity of multiple allergy were influenced by age, gender and text period. The severity of multiple allergy can be measured by Multiple Allergens Positive Score.
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Objective To study the role of skin tests with allergens in suspects of allergic rhinitis for clinical guidance and to summarize the nursing experience during the test.Methods Skin tests with allergens were made in 750 cases who were suspected with allergic rhinitis and proper nursing was given for March to September 2007.The results of skin tests were studied;nursing and first aid measures were planned.Results There were 680(90.67%) cases who had positive results and 70(9.33%) had negative results.The major indoor allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(90.3%),Dermatophagoides farinae(87.4%) and Blomia tropicalis(44.1%).The positive rates of plant allergen were lower than those of indoor allergen.The positive rates of Regweed and Artemisia Valgaris were 5.0% and 5.5%,respectively.No systemic anaphylaxis occurred.Conclusion Skin prick test with allergen is an important method in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and a reference of specific immunotherapy.Proper nursing can avoid allergic reaction.
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Background: Asthma is a serious public health problem throughout the world and its prevalence has increased in last 2-3 decades. Allergens are one of the many factors which trigger an attack of asthma. Skin prick test is useful in identifying the offending allergen in bronchial asthma. Aim: To identify the possible offending allergens in patients of bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive study conducted at allergy center, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore from January to December 2011. Skin prick test was done in 139 patients suffering from bronchial asthma using 49 allergens extracts. Statistical Analysis: Frequency, proportions, Chi-square test, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval was used. Results: Out of 139 patients who underwent the skin prick tests, 40% (56) were males and 60% (83) were females. Majority, that is, 60% were in the age group of 21-40 years. Forty-three percent (60) had family history of asthma/atopy, 80% (111) had allergic rhinitis, 24% (34) had chronic urticaria, and 24% (33) had allergic conjunctivitis. Out of 139 patients, 100 (71.94%) were sensitive for one or more allergens. The common offending allergens found in the study were dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (DF and DP)) - 49.28%, dusts - 7.2%, pollens - 6.77%, insects - 6.62%, fungi - 4.53%, and epithelia - 1.92%. Conclusion: The most common allergens in bronchial asthma were dust mites followed by dusts and pollens. Identifying possible allergens in asthma patients help in allergen avoidance and immunotherapy in these patients.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of inhalation and ingestion allergens among patients with allergic rhinitis from The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.Methods A total of 664 allergic rhinitis cases diagnosed by the clinical history and presentation in the hospital were examined with the skin prick test(SPT) with 38 standardized aeroallergens,and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed.The cases were stratified based on gender and age.Difference of SPT responses among the groups was analyzed.Results The positive rate of SPT ranked as Dermatophagoides farinae(53.92%),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(47.29%),Plantain(34.19%),Candida albicans(32.38%),Mugwort(30.12%),Mycetes(23.95%).The positive rate of the SPT is much higher in the children group compared with adult(P0.05).The inhalant allergens were much higher compared with the food allergens(P0.05).There were no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between male and female.Conclusion The inhalation allergens are the most important aeroallergens in Tianjin,and all of these the most important are dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
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Introduction : Allergic rhinitis is common in otorhinolaryngology practice. According to ‘Allergy Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), Clinical and Experimental Allergy Reviews’ guidelines, the management of allergic rhinitis includes allergen avoidance. Therefore, it is important to know the allergens to which the patient is sensitised. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of sensitisation to common allergens among children with allergic rhinitis seen in a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia. Materials and Methods : All children aged five to 12 years who had been referred to Otorhinolaryngology clinic Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) from 2005 to 2010 with symptoms consistent with allergic rhinitis and had a skin prick test (SPT) were included in the study. The common allergens that had been used in the SPT were aeroallergens, food allergens and contact allergens. The database of SPT results was collected and reviewed. Results: A total number of 580 children were included in this study with 69.3% showing positive SPT. From the positive SPT results, a total of 1,515 sensitisations were observed with 60.9% sensitised to aeroallergens, 38.6% sensitised to food allergens and 0.6% sensitised to contact allergens. Among the aeroallergens, the house dust mite accounted for more than half of the sensitisations: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (27.9%), Dermatophagoides farinae (26.4%), Blomia tropicalis (26.0%). The most common food allergen sensitisation was seafood – crab (18.5%), prawn (18.0%) and squid (8.7%). Each of the other food allergens tested accounted for less than five percent of the positive SPT result. The contact allergen tested in this study was latex. Conclusion: This data represents a common allergen sensitisation in children with rhinitis symptoms residing in urban areas with house dust mites being the most common allergen sensitised in these children.
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Objective To provide references for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in Beijing area by studying its common allergens. Methods A total of 552 cases diagnosed with allergic diseases underwent skin prick test with 38 standardized allergens and the positive rate of each allergen were assessed. Results Of the 552 tested cases, 344 cases were positive to at least one kind of allergen and the total positive rate was 62.32%. The results of skin prick test demonstrated that the most common allergens were dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and weeds, whose positive rates were 21.38%, 20.29% and 18.84%, respectively. The positive rate of inhalant allergens(43.66%) was higher than that of food ones(31.52%), which was of statistical significance(χ2=17.33, P 0.01). The allergen positive rate was 61.06%(287/470) in adults and 69.51%(57/82) in children with no statistical significance(χ2=2.01, P 0.05). Conclusion Allergic diseases are mainly aroused by inhalant allergens. Dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and weeds are the most common allergens in Beijing area. Skin prick test is an important method for detecting allergens.
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Introduction The allergic sensitization in childhood asthma is common and the prevalence varies in different geographical locations. The data on allergen sensitization to guide clinicians on allergy avoidance is limited. Method This prospective observational study was conducted between October 2019 and April 2020 on children aged two to 14 years attending an outpatient clinic. Those with recurrent wheezing or physician-diagnosed asthma were interviewed; eosinophil count, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured; and skin prick test (SPT) was done using standardized reagents. Wheal size of ≥3mm was considered positive. Results A total of 80 children were enrolled. The mean age was 71.15 ± 33.52 months (M:F ratio =1.96:1). Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatosis were seen in 76 (95.0%), 33 (41.3%), and 22 (27.5%) cases, respectively. The mean absolute eosinophil count was 576 ± 427per cmm. The mean total IgE was 800.9 ± 883.2IU/ml. Seasonal and diurnal variations were found in 34 (42.5%) and 79 (98.8%) cases. Out of 1753 skin pricks using 27 reagents, 355 (20.25%) were positive. Increasing age was significantly associated with increasing SPT positivity (P = 0.0001). The most common sensitive aeroallergens were Kentucky bluegrass (25%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (22.5%), Dermatophagoides farinae (21.3%), Timothy grass, and Alternaria alternans (20% each). The most common sensitive food allergens were spinach (25%), banana (22.5%), carp (20%), shrimp and hen’s egg (18.8% each), and cow’s milk (17.5%). Conclusion Increasing age was associated with increasing SPT positivity in childhood asthma. The most common sensitive aeroallergens were Kentucky bluegrass and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; spinach and banana were the most common food allergen.
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To study the pathogenesis of the patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosed by Skin Prick Test (SPT), especially about the epidemiologic data of the involved allergens.The data was collected from 958 patients referred to the listed three allergy center and subsequently diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by SPT.The intermittent mild type was more prevalent in male patients (40.5%); comparably the intermittent moderate type in female patients (70.0%); in the infant patients the moderate-severe type dominated (73.7%). The positive results of SPT comprised mainly of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der. p, 98.3%), Dermatophagoides farinae(Der. f, 96.8%), and Blomia tropicalis (Blot, 73.8%). Only 1.7% of the patients was allergic to single allergen, in contrary ,the majority of patients were allergic to multiple allergens. The positive rate to Der. p and Der. f was reversely increasing with age of the patients; and contrarily the number of positive allergens was increasing along with the age of the patients. The allergy to outdoor allergen was less common, and the positive rate in skin prick test was lower than the previously reported rate in North China ,such as timothy (3.9%), birch (2.7%), ragweed (2.0%), and mugwort (1.2%).Dust Mite is the predominant allergen for patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangdong province; and the positive rate to outdoor allergen is lower than that in North China.
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To identify the common aeroallergens causing allergy symptoms among the allergic rhinitis patients.Cross-sectional study.Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from January to July 2016.Patients with a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis were enrolled. Skin Prick Test (SPT) was performed on these patients using 12 common aeroallergens along with positive (histamine hydrochloride, 10 mg/ml) and negative (glycerin saline) controls. Results were recorded after 15 minutes, considering a wheal diameter >3 mm as positive. Chi-square test was used to compare frequencies; and p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Out of 130 patients, 78 (60%) were males and 52 (40%) were females. The rate of sensitization to any allergen was 90%. One hundred and two (78%) were poly-sensitized to more than two allergens and 20% were sensitized to more than six allergens. Most common outdoor and indoor allergens were Broussonetia papyrifera (50.7%) and Dermatophagoides farina (42.3%), respectively. Dog epithelia and aspergillus were the least prevalent allergens (13.8% each).This study highlighted an increased overall frequency of sensitization to any allergen and significance of tree and weed allergens; especially, Broussonetia papyrifera and Cannabis sativa. It also emphasized increased prevalence of skin reactivity to indoor allergen, Dermatophagoides farina in the city.
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