INVESTIGATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM RELATIVELY DRY BIOMASS
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Anaerobic treatment of relatively dry biomass ( W=30-55 %) has an advantage, compared to the traditionally used wet biomass, due to lowered expenses of the transportation of raw or finished materials. By the help of laboratory scale 5l digesters biogas production was investigated from different biomass in anaerobic fermentation in the batch process. Inoculum from cow manure finished fermentation process was added in each digester to facilitate the anaerobic fermentation process. The lowest average yield of biogas 185 l kgvos -1 was obtained from fresh sawdust. The methane yield (percentage of methane) obtained from different biomass was the following: fresh sawdust 83 l kg vsd -1 (45 %); old sawdust 91 l kg vsd -1 (46 %); broiler manure with sawdust litter 98 l kg vsd -1 (49 %); broiler manure with slaughterhouse waste 185 l kg vsd -1 (52 %); and grain mill wastes 132 l kg vsd -1 (50 %).Keywords:
Sawdust
Biogas
Cow dung
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Dry fermentation has many advantages, such as lower water consumption, high biogas production rates, and low costs.In this paper, chicken manure and straw were combined for dry fermentation at the high temperature of 55 ± 0.2 ℃, and the changes of the production rate, pH, VFAs concentration, and other parameters of the dry fermentation process were analyzed.The results showed that during the stable period, continuous digestion was realized, and the TS content exceeded 20% in agreement with the characteristics of dry fermentation.In this stage, the TS content, biogas production rate, methane concentration, and pH were relatively stable.The VFAs content increased with the increase of the loading frequency.At the end of the stable period, the TS contents in high-temperature dry fermentation systems R1, R2, R3, and R4 increased to 21.38 ± 0.85, 22.33 ± 1.98, 23.096 ± 1.23, and 27.69 ± 2.99%, respectively.The biogas production rates maintained at 2.17-2.33,2.40-2.63,2.20-2.44,and 0.75-0.90m 3 /(m 3 •d), respectively.The methane contents in biogas stabilized at 53.33-57.22,64.34-68.88,61.18-66.37,and 51.32-55.45%,respectively.The systems were stable in operation, should rather be "as were the pH values and daily gas output.The HRT was determined to be 20 days.
Chicken manure
Biogas
Biogas Production
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Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by mass, was investigated using 12 Nos. 220l batch type anaerobic digesters in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. Biogas yield was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of livestock waste with cassava peels. The cumulative average biogas yield from digested cassava peels was 0.6 l/kg-TS. The average cumulative biogas yield increased to 13.7, 12.3, 10.4 and 9.0 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios when cassava peel was mixed with poultry waste. On mixing with piggery waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 35.0, 26.5, 17.1 and 9.3 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. In the case of mixing with cattle waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 21.3, 19.5, 15.8 and 11.2 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. Results show that for all livestock waste types, mixing with peels in the ratio 1:1 by mass produced the highest biogas volumes, and highest in piggery waste.
Key words: Anaerobic digestion, biogas, cassava peels, cattle waste, poultry waste, piggery waste.
Biogas
Mesophile
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It is needed to evaluate the biogas and energy potential from different biomass, including manure, wastewater sludge, energy plants, and food and biofuel processing waste in Latvia. Biogas output from different biomass was investigated in laboratory scale digesters operated at 38 oC. Biomass mixed with inoculums (fermented cow manure) was investigated for biogas production in fifteen digesters, operated in batch mode at temperature 38 ± 1.0 oC. Average methane yield per unit of dry organic matter added (dom) from ryegrass silage was 316 l·kg dom -1 and average methane (CH 4) content was 58.36 %. Average methane yield from oat middlings was 244 l·kg dom -1 and average methane content was 60.72 %. Average methane yield from jam was 728 l·kg dom -1 and average methane content was 62.77 %. All investigated biomass can be successfully cultivated for energy production in Latvia.
Biogas
Silage
Cow dung
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Preparation of raw materials in accordance with the different mass ratio of pig manure to Sugarcane leaves,effect of different ratios of manure to straw on the gas production were studied.Results showed that the ratio of manure to straw at 1:1 and 2:1 produce gas faster with a obvious peak of gas production,and produced the majority of gas between 40 days after the start.The ratio of manure to straw at 1:1 had the maximal yield,up to 1 218.46 L in 60 days,the methane content remained at over 60% in 25 days.The biogas yield of the ratio of manure to straw at 2:1 was 849.20 L,the methane content remained at over 60% in 18 days.The biogas yield of the ratio of manure to straw at 1:0 was 335.50 L,the methane content remained at about 45%.The biogas yield of Total Solids of 1:1 was no less than 2:1,but obviously higher than 1:0.Therefore,adding pig manure in favor of sugarcane leaves to carry out dry anaerobic fermentation,and the effect of mixed fermentation better than the single fermentation.Replacement of materials after the peak,higher yield can be maintained to ensure that the actual use of gas.
Biogas
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The importance of forage as a feed supply for dairy and beef cattle stocks is decreasing.
Therefore, interest is rising in alternative use of grasslands. An ecologically sound option is the
anaerobic digestion of the biomass as co-substrates in biogas plants.
Three fresh and ensiled grass species were investigated in lab-scale batch experiments at 35° C to
determine their maximum biogas production potential. The volatile solid-based biogas and
methane yield were observed to be in the range of 0.65-0.86 and 0.31-0.36 m3/(kg VS),
respectively.
Semi-continuous experiments were conducted to examine biomethanation of grass and cattle
slurry at two organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.7 and 1.4 kg VS/(m3 d). The anaerobic digestion
was carried out in completely stirred tank reactors at 35° C with a mixture of three fresh grass
species as mono-substrate, cattle slurry and a mixture of both as co-digestion. The biogas yield
observed from the grass as mono-substrate at OLR of 0.7 and 1.4 kg VS/(m3 d) was 0.61 and
0.56 m3/(kg VS), respectively. However, for both, co-digestion and cattle slurry digestion, the
impact of OLR in the range of 0.7 and 1.4 kg VS/(m3 d) on biogas yield was small. At this range
of OLR, the averaged biogas yield obtained to 0.5 and 0.38 m3/(kg VS), respectively. The biogas
yield in case of co-digestion was proportional to the amount of VS from grass in a mixture with
cattle slurry. Moreover, the methane content decreased from 59-63% to 53-59% with the
increasing proportion of grass.
Biogas
Digestion
Biogas Production
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Abstract This article presents laboratory scale studies on the anaerobic digestion of plant wastes using a continuously flow type vertical cylindrical biogas plant. In the first experiment, plant wastes and chicken manure mixture at a dry matter content of 12%, retention time of 30 days, and fermentation temperature of 35°C were examined (Exp. 1). In the second experiment, fermentation material was grass and grass silage, covered marketplace wastes, rumen waste, chicken manure, and cattle manure. The experiments were conducted at a dry matter content of 9%, retention time of 47 days, and fermentation temperature of 35°C (Exp. 2). According to the results, biogas production was 1,055.7 l per day in Exp. 1 and 721.4 l per day in Exp. 2. The raw material specific biogas production was 0.310 l per g of organic dry matter per day in Exp. 1 and 0.443 l per g of organic dry matter per day in Exp. 2. The reactor specific biogas production was 1.05 l per l per day in Exp. 1 and 0.72 l per l per day in Exp. 2. Reactor specific methane production was 0.425 l per l per day in Exp. 1 and 0.381 l per l per day in Exp. 2. Raw material specific methane production was 0.125 l per g of organic dry matter per day in Exp. 1 and 0.234 l per g of organic dry matter per day in Exp. 2. The material pH value was 5.59 and 6.15 for inlet and 7.97 and 8.19 for outlet for Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. The methane content ranged between 40.3 and 52.9%.
Biogas
Chicken manure
Cow dung
Silage
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Biogas production from straw, leaves and algae was investigated using the number of small reactors. Biomass mixed within oculums (fermented cow manure) was investigated for biogas production in eleven digesters, operated in batch mode at temperature38 ± 1.0 °C. The investigated average specific biogas yield was 377 ± 22 l·kgVSA-1, 438 ± 67 l·kgVSA-1 and 307 ± 221 l·kgVSA-1per unit of volatile solids added (VSA). The average specific methane yield from fallen leaves of trees was 204 ± 19 l·kgVSA-1and average methane (CH4) content was 54 %. The average methane yield from chopped barley straw was 280 ± 39 l·kgVSA-1and average methane content was 64 %. The average methane yield from algal biomass from the Baltic Sea was 119 ± 62 l·kgVSA-1and average methane content was 42 %. Addition of carbon rich biomass is recommended for anaerobic fermentation of algal biomass to increase the substrates C:N ratio. All investigated biomass can be utilized for local bioenergy production in Latvia.
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Biogas technology with zero waste concept is expected to be the alternative energy and to reduce environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to know the biogas yield per kilogram of each chicken and cow manure comparison. The study was conducted in six treatments with the addition of chicken manure of 0, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 grams. The fermentation process is done using a batch system and biogas measurement was taken daily. The parameters to be observed were organic matter, the degree of acidity (pH), temperature, volume of biogas, biogas productivity, and C / N ratio of each treatment. The results showed that the overall pH at the beginning and end of the study tend to be close to neutral. The highest biogas yield was resulted from a mixture of chicken manure and cow manure at the composition of 1:1 or 50%:50% with biogas total amount of 35.690 ml and biogas productivity of 0,33 liters/g (volatile solid) . Keywords : biogas, cow manure, chicken manure, anaerobic codigestion.
Biogas
Cow dung
Biogas Production
Chicken manure
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In this paper anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Under the conditions of C/N=25-30 and T=36°C, five kinds of dry matter concentration of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% were tested to investigate the effect of dry matter concentration on anaerobic digestion. The result showed that first 30 days was the biogas production peak phase and VFA concentrations in the leachate were also high during the same period. When dry matter concentration increased, biogas production appeared larger fluctuation, and alkalinity and NH4+-N concentration in the leachate also increased with higher organic loading rate. Among five kinds of dry matter concentration, 10% was more suitable for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas with total biogas production amount of 4710 mL after 30 days and volumetric biogas yield of 0.313 m3•m-3•d-1. These results could provide instructive meaning to the engineering application of dry anaerobic digestion.
Biogas
Alkalinity
Digestion
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A process for the production of biogas through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of date palm tree waste (DPTW) was developed.The effects of different substrate pretreatments and operating conditions on the yield of biogas and on the chemical composition of DPTW before and after AD were studied.The best results were obtained using alkali pretreatment, with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm, a C:N ratio of 30:1, a digestion temperature of 40 °C, an initial pH of 7.0, and a volatile solids concentration of approximately 10%.The production of flammable biogas containing up to 50% methane started after about one week of operation and continued for approximately 11 weeks.The highest average biogas yield obtained was 342.2 L gas/kg of volatile solids fed to the digester.The highest maximum and average volumetric biogas production rates obtained were 674.5 and 404.4 L/m 3 of digester volume per day, respectively.After digestion, there was up to a 58% reduction in the organic matter content of the substrate.Reductions in the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and soluble organic compounds were 68.7, 73.4, and 71.9%, respectively, while the ash and lignin contents remained mostly constant.The remaining sludge contained nutrient minerals and some organic matter which qualifies it as a potential soil fertilizer for crop production.
Biogas Production
Biogas
Tree (set theory)
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