STAR — A multimedia database system for trademark registration
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A firm may apply for trademark registration prior to using the trademark in the market to commercialize its products or services, but some countries will not officially register the trademark until you have shown proof of use (e.g. the United States). Additionally, in most cases, the registration of a trademark that has not been used for a given period of time (usually three to five years following registration) will be cancelled. This is to try to guarantee that the registration is done with the intention of actually using the trademark in the marketplace, rather than simply for the purpose of obstructing its use by others.
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Through the formation process of the trademark,there is a process from owner's mark to maker's mark,then to trademark.In the process,mark functions were from distinguishing among persons to articles,then to trademark.The reason from mark to trademark is its use in trade that develops justification to protect trademark right.If mark separates from trade,trademark right would not exist.
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China's Trademark Law for the trademark has been taken to the registration system. Registered trademark owners can use trademarks in accordance with laws,and other persons can not violate their rights because registration may lead to confusion of identical or similar trademarks. The trademark coexistence agreement attempts to achieve the coexistence of similar trademarks in the market,and can obtain trademark registration at the same time. This paper discusses mainly the effect of trademark coexistence agreement,and advocates that the effect of trademark coexistence agreement and that trademark coexistence agreement cannot break the limitation of the theory of confusion.
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This chapter reports on the construction of a new dataset that combines data on trademark applications and registrations from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with data on firms from the U.S. Census Bureau. The resulting dataset allows tracking of various activity related to trademark use and protection over the life-cycle of firms. Facts about firm-level trademark activity are documented, including the incidence and timing of trademark registration filings over the firm life-cycle and the connection between firm characteristics and trademark applications. The analysis indicates that trademark filing is correlated with employment and revenue growth. There appears to be strong selection into trademark filing for trademark registration based on firm size and age. Firms seeking trademark registration also have higher employment and greater revenue in the period following first filing relative to a control group. Firms with R&D and patent activity are also very likely to apply to register trademarks.
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Trademark registration is the prerequisite for the exclusive use of the trademark, by means of which an enterprise gains legal protection. It is very necessary for the enterprise to register its trademark that has been used or will be used. There exist more problems than justifications to the use of unregistered trademarks. In China, more than anywhere else, due to the lack of awareness of trademark protection, it is already a common phenomenon that some renowned trademarks are rush-registered by false owners. Thus, it becomes very important to raise the awareness of trademark protection on the part of enterprises so that they fully understand the implications of trademark registration before they implement trademark strategy and create their own renowned trademarks.
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This chapter explains the dual state and federal trademark protection schemes in the United States, outlines the benefits of federal trademark registration and reviews prior empirical research. Next, using forty years of United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) trademark application data, we identified important variables that correlate with success in federal trademark prosecution. The annual number of trademark applications filed with the USPTO has increased dramatically. Despite USPTO efforts to make the process user friendly, the registration process poses insurmountable challenges to many applicants. Textual marks are the most popular category but not the most successful. Marks claiming only design elements had the highest success rates. Nontraditional trademarks are the rarest category and had the lowest success rate. Although many pro se applicants continue to file trademark applications, applicants with experienced legal counsel were more likely to succeed in obtaining federal registration.
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Abstract : Recall (the retrieval of all available relevant documents) should decrease with the quantity of text serving as a source of indexing. However, the time for indexing and therefore the input cost should be less, establishing a tradeoff between input cost and retrieval effectiveness. To quantify the effect of restricting the source text on both retrieval effectiveness and input cost, an experiment was designed in which the full technical document text was divided into five categories: title; abstract; table of contents and lists of figures and tables; author-assigned keywords; and the body. An experimental data base was prepared whereby the index term source category and the indexing time were recorded. Sets of SDI and retrospective searches were run against the data base, and retrievals were analyzed by category. For the subset of documents retrieved, 81% of the available relevant documents were retrieved from Categories 1-4; the indexing time required for these four categories was only 53% of the total indexing time. For the entire set of documents input into the experimental data base, the portion of indexing time for the first four categories was 60%. It was decided that the body of the document could be excluded as a source of index terms. (Modified author abstract)
Automatic indexing
Table (database)
Base (topology)
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The defensive trademark can actively prevent utilizing the influence of the well-known trademarks to promote other products and protect the holders' profits.It can also help the consumers avoid confusing or mistaking different trademarks.However,there has been debate on the maintenance and abolishment of defensive trademarks since some countries canceled the system.Referring to Japanese defensive trademark system,the advantages and disadvantages of defensive trademark are discussed,in order to figure out the way to protect the well-known trademarks and contribute to the establishment of defensive trademark system in China.
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AMTEx is a medical document indexing method, specifically designed for the automatic indexing of documents in large medical collections, such as MEDLINE, the premier bibliographic database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). AMTEx combines MeSH, the terminological thesaurus resource of NLM, with a wellestablished method for term extraction, the C/NC-value method. The performance evaluation of two AMTEx configurations is measured against the current state-of-theart, the MMTx method in indexing and retrieval tasks in three experiments. In the first, a subset of MEDLINE (PMC) full document corpus was used for the indexing task. In the second and third, a subset of MEDLINE (OHSUMED) abstracts was used for indexing and retrieval respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that AMTEx achieves better precision in all tasks, in 50-20% of the processing time compared to MMTx.
National library
Automatic indexing
Thesaurus
Bibliographic database
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