Achievement of the charge exchange work diminishing of an internal combustion engine in part load
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Charge exchange
Work output
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In order to obtain a simultaneous reduction in both NO x and particulate emissions from a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, an advanced combustion system has been researched and developed in the authors' laboratory. The new combustion system comprises homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion at low load by early and multiple injections, combined HCCI, and lean diffusion burning at medium and higher load conditions by means of a novel combustion chamber design and multiple injections. In this paper, the research and development of the enhanced mixing by means of a raised round object (referred to in this paper as BUMP) and its application to a diesel combustion chamber design is described. Then the experimental results from a DI diesel engine equipped with a multiple injection common rail (CR) fuel injection system and the new combustion chamber design will be presented and discussed. Engine testing has shown that the BUMP combustion chamber was very effective in reducing both NO x and smoke emissions. HCCI combustion by means of multiple injections leads to extremely low NO x emissions under low load operations. At medium and higher load operation conditions, quasi HCCI combustion combined with the BUMP combustion chamber could signficantly reduce NO x emissions without sacrificing particulate emission and fuel consumption.
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The combustion of a diesel engine has a direct impact on its performance.In order to investigate the combustion process of a ω type internal combustion,the relevant model was set up on AMESim,and simulation of this process in the combustion chamber with rated speed was performed.The result shows that the burn process is mainly executed in 20°CA after the piston reaches its upper stop position,and the discharge of carbon and NO is relatively less with rated speed.Pressure and temperature rise rapidly and large amount of heat is send out,which indicate that the combustion process is in well condition.The study can be used as a reference for improvement of the internal combustion of the diesel engine.
Piston (optics)
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Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines are being reckoned to meet the challenges as environment-friendly vehicles, for the development of novel Internal Combustion (I.C) engines in controlling injection during the performance of vehicles. One among the challenges faced in the development of hydrogen I.C. engines, the foremost is the technology to establish abnormal combustion conditions. This enforces several experimental measures which are underway to assess, reduce and control the abnormal combustion conditions like surface ignition, pre-ignition, backfire and engine `knock'. However, these results do not guarantee the complete elimination of prevailed unwarranted auto-ignition occurrences. The basic research concepts studied are to detect an abnormal combustion, at the initial stages and cut off the fuel supply to the engine to prevent any damage or hazard. A typical sensor is attached to the spark-ignition of the engine, which sends a signal to the Engine Control Unit whenever the vehicle is started. Induction of a piezoelectric sensor senses the start of combustion and sends the signal to the Control Unit. The Control system receives and compares both the signals confirming the status of normal functioning of combustion. If the Control Unit detects, and monitors, identifying the presence of an abnormal combustion, by sending a signal to the actuators to stop the fuel supply to the engine, quenching the abnormal combustion in hydrogen I.C. engine. This paper supplements a critical, an innovative, concept on the design of Control Unit under abnormal combustion conditions.
Engine control unit
Ignition timing
SPARK (programming language)
Engine knocking
Staged combustion
SIGNAL (programming language)
Control unit
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A continuous investigation on the improvement of internal combustion engines is necessary due to the stringent emission and fuel economy regulations. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is a promising field of research since it can simultaneously reduce NOx and soot while attaining high thermal efficiencies in automotive engines. A thorough study of several LTC regimes is necessary to understand the quantitative comparison and the extent of feasibility of these regimes functioning on an automotive engine. This thesis concentrates on an experimental investigation of three different LTC modes namely Homogeneously Charged Compression Ignition (HCCI), Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) on a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine.
Autoignition temperature
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Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environmentfriendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. In addition, this study confirmed the possibility of securing optimum fuel economy emission reduction in the IMEP 8bar range (which could not be achieved with existing partially premixed combustion) through forced charging, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), compression ratio change and application of DOC catalyst.
Secondary air injection
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PCI (Premixed Compression Ignition) combustion is a potential breakthrough technique to simultaneously reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter in engine exhaust emissions. In addition, it is advantageous for fuel consumption by igniting around a top dead center. Moreover, the dual mode combustion concept that combined conventional diesel combustion and PCI combustion was proposed as a practical use means. Noise reduction and sound quality improvement techniques when the combustion mode is switched depending on the engine operating condition in dual mode combustion concept were developed as a step toward the practical use of PCI combustion. 予混合圧縮着火燃焼（PCI燃焼）を適用するディーゼルエンジンについて，騒音レベルおよび音質を従来型の燃焼と比較し，その特徴について考察した．また，PCI燃焼と従来型ディーゼル燃焼を運転領域毎に切り替えるデュアルモード燃焼コンセプトで問題となる燃焼モード切り替え時の騒音に対する改善技術を開発した．
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Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environment-friendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition(HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. In addition, this study confirmed the possibility of securing optimum fuel economy emission reduction in the IMEP 8bar range(which could not be achieved with existing partially premixed combustion) through forced charging, exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), compression ratio change and application of DOC catalyst.
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Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. Anew concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environment-friendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. And it is investigated that the effects of the engine rpm and load(or A/F) to emission characteristics.
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Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. Anew concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environment-friendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. And it is investigated that the effects of the engine rpm and load(or A/F) to emission characteristics.
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I.C. engines must fulfill environmental requirements, deliver high power and torque, at low fuel economy and cost. Diesel engines produce high levels of NOx and particulate matter, spark ignition engines have lower efficiency. Homogeneous charge compression ignition appears as a new combustion technique that could combine in itself the advantages of both engines, significant soot and NOx reduction and low consumption. Various names have been attributed to this particular mode of combustion such as ATAC, UNIBUS, CAI, CIHC, PCCI, etc. This paper aims to give an overview of this combustion mode, and its chemical and thermodynamic aspects.
SPARK (programming language)
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