Fetal stem cell transplantation
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This chapter summarizes some basic features of stem cells, including their defining properties, the range of different stem cell types, and the ways in which they can be identified and characterized. It considers the therapeutic application of stem cells. Stem cells with only a limited period of activity underlie the formation of the embryo from a single fertilized cell through to the fully formed fetus. The precise way in which a transplantation assay of stem cells is performed depends on the type of cell being characterized and whether it is a same species assay or a xenograft. The assay of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) involves irradiation of the host mouse to completely ablate its resident bone marrow stem cells and hematopoietic system. Cellular therapy that can be performed in the fetus is also a special case because of the status of the immune system.P19 cell
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The aim of the work was to examine the morphology of the bone marrow of mice during stimulation with G-CSF. Experimental Balb C mice were daily injected subcutaneously with 250 microg/kg b.w. G-CSF (Neupogen). After 2, 4 and 6 days of the experiment femurs were obtained for morphological study. On day 2 of the mobilization the amount of haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow increased and dilatation of the sinusoids was observed. Only single leukocytes were observed in the lumen of the vessels. There were numerous leukocytes in the lumen of the sinusoids on day 4 of the mobilization. The morphology of the bone marrow on day 6 was similar to that of the control. Mobilization of mice with G-CSF resulted in migration of haematopoietic cells from the bone marrow and the process is most pronounced on day 4.
Mobilization
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Embryonic stem cells were derived from the inner cell masses of cultured blastocysts in mammal and capable of unlimited,undifferentiated proliferation in vitro .At the same time,embryonic stem cells could also be directly induced to differentiate in culture into a variety of cell types under appropriate conditions.Homogeneous populations of cells produced by directed differentiation in vitro could be applied to study the cell replacement therapies of disease,etc.This paper elaborated signaling mechanisms regulating self renewal and differentiation on induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells,methods of induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells,research progress and prospects on induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
KOSR
Embryoid body
Cell potency
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The aim of the study was to examine the morphology of the bone marrow of mice after stimulation with cyclophosphamide (Cy). The experimental mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection with 250 mg/kg bw cyclophosphamide. After 2, 4 and 6 days of experiment the femurs were obtained for morphological study. On the 2nd day after the mobilisation of the mice with Cy destruction of the bone marrow was observed with a decrease in the haematopoietic compartment and an increase in the area occupied by sinusoids filled with erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were located among the haematopoietic cells, which indicated that the endothelial barrier had been disrupted. On the 4th day after treating the mice with Cy, repair processes in the bone marrow were conducted, including macrophages. The cells filled with haemosiderin migrated from the extravascular compartment of the bone marrow into the lumen of the sinusoids. There were proliferating cells among the haematopoietic cells. On the 6th day the morphology of the bone marrow was similar to the morphology of that in the control mice. However, more haematopoietic cells were visible compared to the control bone marrow. The presence of an increased number of leucocytes in the sinusoid lumen in comparison with the control suggested that at that time the migration of haematopoietic cells from the bone marrow had been initiated.
Lumen (anatomy)
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Although IL-12 has been reported to synergize with c-kit ligand (KL) in promoting hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in vitro, administration of recombinant mouse IL-12 (rIL-12) to normal mice caused a dose- and time-dependent anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in vivo. Decreased numbers of bone marrow cells were recovered from the tibiae of IL-12-treated mice, and histologic examination of the marrow revealed a loss of mature neutrophils and red blood cell precursors. However, simultaneously with the suppression of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, the IL-12-treated mice developed splenomegaly, which was largely caused by a marked enhancement of splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis of the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages. These histologic observations were confirmed by colony-forming cell assays in which administration of IL-12 was shown to cause a time-dependent decrease in bone marrow CFU-GM, CFU-E, and BFU-E hematopoietic colony-forming cells while causing an increase in splenic CFU-GM and BFU-E colony-forming cells. All these effects were reversible upon cessation of IL-12 treatment. The observation that in IL-12-treated mice hematopoiesis was suppressed in the marrow but enhanced in the spleen suggests that myelosuppression was not caused by a direct effect of IL-12 on hematopoietic progenitors. It seems likely that myelosuppression was caused instead by an IL-12-induced alteration in the local environment of the marrow.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Interleukin 3
Blood cell
CFU-GM
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Objective To explore the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection on the hematopoietic function of mouse after chemo-therapy. Methods 5-FU (225 mg/kg) induced bone marrow depression mouse model was used for the study. Mice of therapeutic group were given Shenqi Fuzheng Injection 5 ml/kg every day and the control ones were injected with saline. After one week, the mice were killed and blood cell count, cultivation of hemopoietic progenitor cells, and pathological examination of the bone marrow were performed. Results Shenqi Fuzheng Injection could increase peripheral blood cell count: The counts of RBC,WBC and PLT in treated mice were higher than in the control ones(P 0.05). Promote the proliferation of HPC: the counts of CFU-GM, CFU-E and CFU-MK colonies of the treated mice were higher than that in the control ones(P 0.05).Improve the bone marrow inhibition: pathological examination showed in the control group, the hematopoietic structure was destroyed and there were few hematopoietic cells, while in treated group the structure of bone marrow was rather intact and filled with abundant of hematopoietic cells. Conclusion Shenqi Fuzheng injection can improve proliferation of hematopoietic tissue and blood cells by stimulating growth of hemopoietic progenitor cell in mouse whose bone marrow and hematopoietic function was suppressed after chemotherapy.
CFU-GM
Blood cell
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Transdifferentiation
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The dynamic of granulocytic macrophages and erythroid precursors content in bone marrow of CBA mice, irradiated by 2.0 Gy and the level of colony-stimulating and erythropoietic activities in supernatant of bone marrow myelocariocytes and blood serum were studied. The process of haemopoiesis regeneration was accompanied by increasing of the values of these indexes in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The treatment of bone marrow cells by monoclonal antibodies to Thy 1.2 antigens resulted in decreasing of myeloid precursors and diminishing of colony-stimulating activity of bone marrow cells supernatant.
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