A Field Trial of Young Drivers
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Abstract:
As a result of findings from two types of study of young drivers in Michigan, a behavioral longitudinal survey of a probability sample and a surveillance police-based study of statewide fatal accidents, target areas of young driving behavior are indicated for the design and execution of a Spring field trial in Michigan in 1970 to test the feasibility and efficacy of several countermeasures (group discussion, recognition letter, and police program) in a sample of high school seniors to reduce moving violations and accidental injuries. Although the scale of the study is probably too small for definitive results, the detection of demonstrable effects in test groups compared to controls should lead to the design and execution of more extensive trials in a very difficult area of high morbidity and mortarity.Keywords:
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Recognizing that injuries and violence kill more than five million people worldwide annually and cause harm to millions more, the World Health Assembly (WHA) has repeatedly called on governments du...
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This study analysed the drinking patterns and motivation to change drinking behaviours among injury patients who acknowledged alcohol as a factor in their injuries. A cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a Swedish emergency department. A total of 1930 injury patients aged 18 - 70 years were enrolled in the study (76.8% completion rate). Of those who reported drinking, 10% acknowledged alcohol as a factor in their injury. A patient was more likely to report a causal attribution of the injury to alcohol the higher the weekly intake and the higher the frequency of heavy episodic drinking. The motivation to change variables showed a similar pattern of increased likelihood of attributing a causal link of alcohol and injury with increasing discontent with drinking behaviours and increasing desire to change drinking behaviours. The findings suggest that the ability to measure causal attribution of alcohol to injuries could be a promising tool to help patients explore the association between their injuries and alcohol use and motivate patients to modify drinking behaviours in order to avoid future injuries.
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Pediatric firearm-related deaths and injuries are a national public health crisis. In this Special Review Article, we characterize the epidemiology of firearm-related injuries in the United States and discuss public health programs, the role of pediatricians, and legislative efforts to address this health crisis. Firearm-related injuries are leading causes of unintentional injury deaths in children and adolescents. Children are more likely to be victims of unintentional injuries, the majority of which occur in the home, and adolescents are more likely to suffer from intentional injuries due to either assault or suicide attempts. Guns are present in 18% to 64% of US households, with significant variability by geographic region. Almost 40% of parents erroneously believe their children are unaware of the storage location of household guns, and 22% of parents wrongly believe that their children have never handled household guns. Public health interventions to increase firearm safety have demonstrated varying results, but the most effective programs have provided free gun safety devices to families. Pediatricians should continue working to reduce gun violence by asking patients and their families about firearm access, encouraging safe storage, and supporting firearm-related injury prevention research. Pediatricians should also play a role in educating trainees about gun violence. From a legislative perspective, universal background checks have been shown to decrease firearm homicides across all ages, and child safety laws have been shown to decrease unintentional firearm deaths and suicide deaths in youth. A collective, data-driven public health approach is crucial to halt the epidemic of pediatric firearm-related injury.
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A summary of the Health Organization's December 2008 World Report on Child Injury Prevention is provided. Child injuries are contextualized and some primary facts provided in an introductory chapter. Five separate chapters follow with information on child injuries' main causes: poisoning, falls, burns, drowning, and road traffic crashes. A summary of the report's main messages concludes the report. A set of recommendations for governments and practitioners to consider in child injury prevention program development is provided.
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