Sounds of Gǝʿǝz – How to Study the Phonetics and Phonology of an Ancient Language
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Abstract:
The phonology belongs to the basic structures of a language. Knowing the sounds of the phonemes of a language is essential for the grammar, etymology or classification of a given language. For ancient languages (extinct or classical), phonology is always problematic, for obvious reasons. In this paper, various approaches are evaluated and combined that can shed light on how Gəʿəz might have sounded in Aksumite times: transcriptions in contemporary language, transcriptions and loanwords from contemporary languages, traditional pronunciation, the phonology of the daughter languages, and comparative evidence.Keywords:
Etymology
Pronunciation
This paper investigates the controversial issue of therelationship between Phonetics and Phonology. Throughout literature, there are different views and opinions that tackle this relationship, but none of them is adopted as the acceptable one. This is so because each has evidence as well as its merits and demerits. Generally, three main views about the relationship between phonetics and phonology can be introduced: they are the same, they are different but arbitrarily related , they are different but conditionally integrated.
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Interface (matter)
Optimality theory
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Yuan Zirang is a famous phonology scholar in the late Ming Dynasty.He discussed Chinese phonetic structure and some problems about language,phonology,character in Zixue Yuanyuan.He elaborated his rich phonological theory.Pronunciation was divided into standard pronunciation,popular pronunciation(pronunciation at that time) and dialect pronunciation.The initials were divided into Damu,Xiaomu,Hu,Xi,Duqing and Duzhuo.The finals were divided into Xi,Pi and Sihu.Four tones were Pingzhong,Shanglao,Qunen and Ruji.
Pronunciation
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The literature on teaching English pronunciation is abundant in discussions on the value of teaching pronunciation.However,little attention has been paid to the issue of how teach pronunciation in class.This thesis analyses some common phonetics points in the class,in which figures are used to distinguish some obscure phonetics errors.The analysis and explanation of pronunciation should be shortened as possible.It presents a new way of teaching phonetics,focusing on suprasegmental elements of phonetics as well as segmental elements.New Oriental English chants serves as an effective technique of teaching English pronunciation.
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Abstract At least since Trubetzkoy it has been customary to distinguish phonology from phonetics. This is an important distinction, but it is not truly made by most linguists. Rather, IPA-based phonetic representations have played a crucial role in shaping assumptions and theoretical ideas in phonology since the emergence of the phonemic principle. First, the segmental idealization embodied in IPA representation entrenches a strongly sequential notion of phonological structure, which marginalizes ‘prosody’. Second, IPA phonetics implies the existence of universal categories, an idea that is poorly supported by instrumental phonetic data. True separation of phonology and phonetics can be achieved if surface segmental representations are defined separately for each language and therefore treated as part of phonology. Phonetics must be treated in quantitative terms.
Representation
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In this paper, I explore the relationships between phonology and phonetics and argue that there are two distinct ways that they interact. A distinction needs to be drawn between the way phonetics affects phonology–phonetics in phonology, and the way phonology affects or drives phonetics–phonology in phonetics. The former concerns the way that phonetic effects and constraints are reflected in the phonology, often referred to as naturalness. The latter is the mapping between the units of phonology and their physical realization. How is phonological knowledge realized in and extracted from the physical signal? In this case, the phonology emerges in the phonetics in the sense that phonological contrast is physically realized. These two facets of the relationship between phonology and phonetics are discussed in light of their implications for an understanding of phonology and phonetics and their relationship.
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The research workers have created a lot of specific and scientific research methods about the Northern Phonetics which is formed by the study of the book of The Central Plains Phonology that reflects the Northern sound in the modern Chinese phonetics research in the whole 20 century. For example: inductive research method, comparison proving method, internal analysis method, comparison method in system number, and perspective separating method. These methods not only have the guiding function on the Northern Phonetics research of modern Chinese but also have the positive influence on the research of the Chinese Phonology and make a breakthrough on the methods of Phonology.
Chinese language
Research method
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Purpose: Where do phonetics and phonology meet and differ from one another as two field of linguistics? Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about phonetics and phonology as similar, different or identical. Results: Phonetics and phonology are two different fields of linguistics which are related to one another. Phonetics is the concrete study of sounds. On the other hand, phonology is the abstract study of sounds. Moreover, phonetics and phonology are integrated two fields of linguistics but they are not identical. Conclusions: Phonetics is concrete in contrast to phonology which is abstract. Additionally, phonetics is learned while phonology is acquired.
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The Mouton interactive introduction to phonetics and phonology (henceforth MIIPP) is an informative and interesting interactive CD introduction to phonetics and phonology. It is compatible with both Macintosh (version 8.1 or higher) and Windows (NT 4.0 or higher, 95 or higher) operating systems. Ambitious in coverage and innovative in its multimedia presentation, the CD offers an engaging overview of a number of topics in phonetics and phonology, including articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, acoustics, segmental and prosodic phonology, and phonological theory. It is ideal for informal self-study or as an accompaniment to a formal undergraduate introductory course in phonetics and phonology, used in conjunction with a textbook or other materials.
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