Influence of Boron Additions on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel
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This work aims at the development of carbon steel AISI 1536 through the microalloying addition of boron.Three grades of this steel with different content of boron up to 0.0055% were melted in 100 kg induction furnace.The produced steels were hardened at 960˚C for 30 min., followed by tempering at different temperatures and durations.All hardened steels have martensite phase as illustrated with microstructures and X-ray diffraction.Hardness of all tempered steel samples was measured to calculate the activation energies of carbon migration through martensite phase.The results indicated that the activation energies of carbon migration through martensite phase decreases with the increase of boron content due to its positive effect on the crystallinity of martensite phase.Also, the results showed that the addition of boron up to 0.0023% can improve the steel properties at the lowest temperature and tempered time.Keywords:
Carbon fibers
Titanium alloy
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Passivation
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Hardenability
Dual-phase steel
Volume fraction
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Comparative testing of cold worked AISI type 304 austenitic stainless steel in mode I and mode III under conditions of cathodic charging and chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been used to assess the role of hydrogen in SCC. The experimental results of these tests and those previously published have been used to deduce the mechanism and rate controlling step for SCC. The mechanism for chloride SCC in mode I is anodic dissolution of active slip planes containing hydrogen with the rate controlling step being the transport of hydrogen to these slip planes. The mechanism of SCC in mode III is tunnelling corrosion followed by overload again occurring on a plane of maximum hydrogen concentration.MST/348
Austenitic stainless steel
Embrittlement
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The morphology and crystal structure of borides in Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb-xB (at.%) alloys containing different amount of B have been investigated to reveal the relationship between B content and boride formation. In alloys containing 0.25 at.% and 0.5 at.% B, boride particles are curved and flake-like, and are distributed at β dendrite boundaries, resulting from late nucleation and constrained by matrix during growth. Curved, ribbon-like boride particles are observed to randomly distribute in alloy containing 0.75 at.% B, and insufficient behind-time supply of B atoms to the growth front is believed to be responsible for their irregularity and large curvature bending and branching. In alloys containing 1.0 at.% or higher B, straight needle/rod-like boride particles dominate, and a small number of blocky particles appear in alloys containing 1.25 at.% and 1.5 at.% B. Most boride particles are of C32-TiB2 and have their major axes along [0001] or [12¯10] in all alloys studied in this work, and Bf-TiB and D7b-Ti3B4 randomly appear in conjunction with C32-TiB2 to form intergrowths, while B27-TiB particles are free standing and only appear in alloys containing 1 at.% or higher B.
Ribbon
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Boron oxide
Atom probe
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Boron(B)element is often utilized to enhance mechanical properties of stainless steel due to its excellent performance. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) was used to print 316L/B stainless steel with varying boron weight content. The effects of boron content on microstructure, nanoindentation, and mechanical properties of the printed 316L stainless steel were discussed. Fine cell dendrites and columnar crystals were found in the SLM printed stainless steel due to the rapid solidification in SLM. It was found that boron has a higher growth limiting factor in the iron system and the boron solute can provide a high component supercooling. By adding boron element to stainless steel during printing, the honeycomb and grain size after solidification are significantly reduced due to interactions between the boron element and the 316L.Tensile testing results show that the ultimate tensile strength of the SLM fabricated parts with 0.5wt% and 1wt% boron element addition can be increased significantly to 1071 MPa and 1174 MPa, respectively.
Selective Laser Melting
Supercooling
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It is well known that PM stainless steels have lower corrosion resistance than the corresponding wrought steels, since they are affected by the presence of the open porosity. A way to obtain a surface densification is the addition of a small quantity of boron (from 0,3 to 0,5%wt.) to the stainless steel. The presence of boron produces a liquid phase phenomenon that results in a final microstructure consisting of a boron-rich phase network surrounding the stainless steels grains. Close to the surface, a boron-free layer was observed in which pores are very few, closed and round. This leads to an improvement in the steel corrosion resistance.
Austenitic stainless steel
Surface layer
Liquid phase
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Abstract Two Type 304 stainless steels, one boron free and the other containing 4 ppm boron were investigated. Both steels were subjected to an identical series of corrosion tests and the results compared with one another. It was found (1) Boron had no detrimental effect on the potentiostatic characteristics, intergranular corrosion “resistance and pitting resistance of the steels in the “as-received” condition; (2) boron in solid solution had no detrimental effect on the potentiostatic characteristics and intergranular corrosion resistance of the steel, while boron in solution had a beneficial effect on the pitting resistance of the steel, and (3) boron retarded Cr23C6 precipitation and thus boron had marked beneficial effects on the intergranular corrosion resistance of the steels in a sensitized condition. In addition the potentiostatic characteristics and pitting resistance of such steels were improved slightly by the presence of boron.
Pitting Corrosion
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