Leaf Rust Resistance Gene LR34 is Involved in Powdery Mildew Resistance of Cimmyt Bread Wheat Line Saar
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Blumeria graminis
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Powdery mildew on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Because agronomical methods to control the disease are not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance are needed. Therefore, there is a need to describe new sources of genes that confer resistance to barley powdery mildew. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in three selections 995-1-1, 995-1-2, 995-1-3 from barley landrace 995 (ICB 112840) collected in Al Aziziyah district, Tripolitania, Libya. Landrace originated from InternationalCenter for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. To determine the number of genes, the types of genes action and the gene loci in tested lines two types of crosses were made: (1) the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Pallas, (2) the lines were crossed with Pallas isoline P22 carrying gene mlo5. The parents and progeny F2 were evaluated with isolate R303.1 for the powdery mildew resistance. Based on segregation ratios we found that resistance in these three selections was determined by a single recessive gene allelic to the Mlo locus occurring in Pallas isoline P22. In addition tested lines showed resistance reaction type 0(4) characteristic only for genes mlo. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programs and barley production is discussed.
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Abstract One of the most important diseases of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) is powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei . Spring barley line 173‐1‐2 was selected from a Moroccan landrace and revealed broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. The objective of this study was to map and characterize the gene for seedling powdery mildew resistance in this line. After crossing with the susceptible cultivar ‘Manchuria’, genetic analysis of F 2 and F 3 families at the seedling stage revealed powdery mildew resistance in line 173‐1‐2 conditioned by a single recessive gene. Molecular analysis of non‐segregating homozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible F 2 plants conducted on the DArTseq platform (Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd) identified significant markers which were converted to allele‐specific PCR markers and tested among 94 F 2 individuals. The new resistance gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6H. No other powdery mildew recessive resistance gene has been located on 6H so far. Therefore, we concluded that the 173‐1‐2 barley line carries a novel recessive resistance gene designated as mlmr .
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Nineteen differential lines possessing known barley powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei)resistant genes were used in virulence analysis for the population consisted of 213 isolates collected from four areas along the southeast coastal region of China.Most of virulent genes investigated in this study showed very similar virulence frequencies in the four different areas.Among these known resistant genes,Mla11,Mlmw,Mlkb,Mlmlw,Mlk2,(Mla10 MlDu2)and(MlK1 Mla8)were found as ones effective for powdery mildew resistance breeding in all the four areas,while Mla8,Mlnn,Mlh,(Mlra Mla8),(MlRu2 Mla8),(MlBw Mla8),(Mlra MlDr2)and(MlLa Mla8)as ineffective ones.
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Wheat powdery mildew is controlled mainly by race-specific resistance. To be effective, breeding wheat for resistance to powdery mildew requires knowledge of virulence diversity in local populations of the pathogen. Isolates of Blumeria graminis, collected in 2009 and 2010 from three areas of Iranian production, were analysed for virulence using a host differential series comprised of 16 known genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew. The results showed that high-virulence frequencies to genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm4a, Pm5, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8 and Pm9 were found over both years and across all three areas. Virulence frequencies for Pm3a and Pm3b were intermediate, while virulence frequencies for Pm3a, Pm3c, Pm4a and Pm2, 6 were low. Genes Pm1, 2, 9 and Pm2, 4b, 8 were highly resistant in all regions. Virulence to Pm8 increased to high levels, while virulence to Pm4a decreased across the area surveyed from 2009 to 2010.
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Abstract To investigate powdery mildew resistance in rye ( Secale cereale ), 397 inbred lines of winter rye were tested for susceptibility to infection with Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis . The 50 most tolerant lines and 50 most infected lines were chosen for comparison. They were next tested for the presence of 4 markers linked to 4 alleles for resistance to powdery mildew, identified earlier in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). We found Pm3a only in 3 susceptible genotypes of winter rye, although this marker is linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat. The other 3 markers linked to Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis resistance genes ( Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm3d ) were found in neither resistant nor susceptible rye genotypes.
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Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Powdery mildew on barley, which is caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs world-wide and can result in severe yield loss. Thousands of barley accessions are stored in national gene banks, and their characterization for breeding purposes is needed. This study was conducted to determine the resistance to powdery mildew in 33 barley landraces from Yemen, which were obtained from the ICARDA gene bank. Twenty differential isolates of barley powdery mildew were used. Nine single plant lines were selected from five landraces, based on tests that were performed with 30 plants per landrace, after inoculation with the most avirulent isolate of barley powdery mildew available. Two of these landraces originated from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, and three others originated from Dhamar, Sanaa, and Taizz, respectively. Next, single plant lines were tested using a set of 20 differential isolates of powdery mildew. Two lines that were selected from landrace from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, showed disease reaction designated as 0(4), which is specific for the presence of Mlo resistance. The new source of highly effective Mlo powdery mildew resistance that is described in this study could be used in barley breeding programs.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence structure of powdery mildew of oats (Blumeria graminis DC.f. sp. avena) in Poland in the years 2010–2013. For this purpose, powdery mildew isolates were collected from three experimental stations in Poland. To assess the virulence of the isolates, eight oat varieties with different responses to the pathogen were used. The results showed that a significant proportion of powdery mildew isolates found in Poland overcame the resistance genes of varieties Bruno (Pm6), Jumbo (Pm1) and Mostyn (Pm3). In contrast, lines Av1860 (Pm4), Am27 (Pm5) and Cc3678 (Pm2) were completely resistant to all pathogen isolates involved in the experiment. Changes constantly occurring in the powdery mildew population perfectly reflect diversity indexes, which were the smallest in the first year of observation, where in the following years these parameters were significantly higher. It is worth noting that the presence of powdery mildew is seasonal and local, which is reflected in the prevalence of the disease in a defined area of the country.
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