Oscillating Transverse Voltage in a Channel with Quantum Point Contact Voltage Probes
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The research methods and distributions of strip transverse temperature were analyzed.The strip transverse temperature was measured on the outer of the No.7 stand of 1 800 mm finishing rolling group.To attain the typical distribution of the transverse temperature,the described parameters were proposed.The distribution characteristic and the relationship among temperature distribution,strip width and longitudinal temperature were studied with these parameters,and these provided the reference for building the control model of hot strip transverse temperature.
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Here, we employ a numerical approach to investigate the transport and conductance characteristics of a quantum point contact. A quantum point contact is a narrow constriction of a width comparable to the electron wavelength defined in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by means of split-gate or etching technique. Their properties have been widely investigated in the experiments. We define a quantum Hall based split-gate quantum point contact with standard gate geometry. Firstly, we obtain the spatial distribution of incompressible strips (current channels) by applying a self consistent Thomas-Fermi method to a realistic heterostructure under quantized Hall conditions. Later, time-dependent Schrodinger equation is solved for electrons injected in the current channels. The transport characteristics and time-evolutions are analyzed in the integer filling factor regime ({\nu} = 1) with the single electron density. The results confirm that the current direction in a realistic quantum point contact can be controllable with the external interventions.
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Mechanism of Transverse Crack Development in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement at Early Ages
The transverse crack in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), more specifically transverse crack spacing and crack widths, has been cited as one of the most important pavement structural responses determining CRCP performance. Efforts have been made to predict crack spacing and crack widths for given environmental conditions and traffic loading, pavement structure, and material properties, with the primary objective of developing rational CRCP designs. However, that most transverse cracks develop at or near transverse steel implies substantial interactions between transverse steel and other factors causing transverse cracks. These interactions have not been fully incorporated in the theoretical models developed so far to predict transverse crack spacing and crack widths in CRCP. This study investigated the interactions between transverse steel and other factors and identified the mechanisms of transverse crack development at or near the transverse steel. Drying shrinkage and temperature drop in concrete cause concrete volume contractions in all directions (not just transverse and longitudinal, but vertical directions as well). Interactions between concrete volume contraction vertically and transverse steel cause larger concrete tensile stresses at or near transverse steel than at other areas and cause a higher probability of transverse cracks near transverse steel. Traditionally, subgrade drag theory has been used in the design of transverse steel even though current practice is to place just enough transverse steel to support longitudinal steel during concrete placement. If transverse cracks have such substantial effects on CRCP performance as currently thought, interactions between transverse steel and other factors should be considered in the design of optimum transverse steel.
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A quantum point contact, capacitively coupled to a quantum dot, has been used to detect single electron charging inside the dot. Embedding the quantum point contact in a radio frequency matching circuit and measuring the reflection coefficient of the circuit, rather than the conductance of the point contact, allowed for real time measurements with a time resolution of 50 ns.
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In Brief Study Design. Experimental and analytical study of transverse plane pelvic rotation. Objectives. To determine how pelvic rotation projected onto the transverse plane relates to coronal plane anatomic landmark location. Summary of Background Data. Current spine deformity instrumentation may be used to apply transverse plane loads to the spine that may be transmitted to regions not included in the instrumentation, including the pelvis. Methods. An anatomically correct, sawbones model of an adult female pelvis was marked with lead shot at prominent radiographic landmarks, rotated at different angles in the sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes, and left/right (L/R) ratios of the medial-lateral distances between similar landmarks determined. An analytical equation was also derived to determine the degree of rotation in the transverse plane, using medial-lateral and anterior-posterior distances between same landmarks. Results. The L/R ratio for the coronal plane distance between the inferior ilium at the sacro iliac joint (SI) and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the SI-ASIS measurement, proved the most reliable of the four ratios studied to determine the extent of pelvic rotation in the transverse plane. Assuming the pelvis is symmetric, the most important factor is location of the compared landmarks. A long distance between the landmarks in both the coronal and transverse plane and a large angle between the line joining the two landmarks and the coronal plane of the pelvis, as viewed in the transverse plane, are best. Transverse plane pelvic rotation up to 20° is accurately reflected nearly linearly by L/R SI-ASIS ratios. Conclusions. Bony pelvis landmarks visible on coronal plane radiographs can be used to estimate transverse plane pelvic rotation, but precise conversion to degrees rotation requires additional information on specific patient pelvic morphology. Transverse plane pelvic rotation can be estimated using a left/right ratio of distances between readily identifiable medial and lateral radiographic landmarks visible on a coronal plane radiograph. More precise quantification requires determination of the transverse plane orientation of these medial and lateral landmarks.
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This study investigates quantized electron transport in high-mobility quantum point contact (QPC) devices in hBN/graphene/hBN in the quantum Hall regime. This study primarily focuses on the effect of the gap width of split gates on edge-channel manipulations, which defines the QPC structure and its electrostatic potential distribution. The quantized conductance is governed by the dynamics of edge channels passing through or backscattered at the QPC, which is controlled by both the top-gate and back-gate biases. The effects of the split-gate gap width and the filling in the QPC on the edge-channel manipulations are experimentally verified. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions of open/closed configurations of the edge channels around QPC with different gate gap widths.
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Filling factor
Quantum wire
Conductance quantum
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In Brief Study Design. In vivo noninvasive study. Objective. To properly quantify pedicle anatomic parameters, using subject-based CT three-dimensional models and compare the data from 2-dimensional transverse-CT images. Summary of Background Data. Accurate measurement of morphometric parameters of pedicle isthmus is important for transpedicular procedures. Anatomically, the lumbar pedicle is known to be elliptical cross-sectionally and slightly inclined in the vertical plane in the lower lumbar levels. Therefore, measurement of the pedicle isthmus may be overestimated when transverse images are used. More accurate measurement of the 3-dimensional geometry of the pedicle is therefore needed. To the best of our knowledge, 3-dimensional geometry of the pedicle has not been reported as the literature values are based on 2-dimensional image data. Methods. In vivo measurements of the lumbar pedicle isthmus were performed on the 3-dimensional subject-based CT models, using custom-developed software in 89 volunteers. Results. The least axis of pedicle, the longest axis of pedicle and the transverse plane width were largest at L5 in both genders. The isthmus angle declined in the lower levels. The ratio of the transverse plane width to the least axis of pedicle was largest at L5. Conclusion. Our results showed that the least axis of pedicle, the longest axis of pedicle and the transverse plane width peaked at L5, and the transverse plane width became approximately twice as long in the lower levels compared to the upper levels. The ratio of the transverse plane width to the least axis of pedicle increased by about 40% at L5. These findings highlight the fact that measuring the isthmus width from CT transverse images leads to overestimation, especially in the lower lumbar spine. Therefore, a 3-dimensional inclination of the least axis of the pedicle should be taken into account for the determination of the pedicle diameter in the lower lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar pedicle isthmus was measured using in vivo subject-based 3-dimensional CT models. The pedicle isthmus angle increased significantly at lower levels. Inclination of the least axis of the pedicle isthmus should be taken in account for the determination of the pedicle diameter in the lower lumbar vertebrae.
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The aim of this study was to classify the shapes of retromolar pads and assess their morphometric differences using a 3D model.
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