Impulse oscillometry in preschool children and association with body mass index
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The use of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) allows differentiated lung function testing with a minimum of cooperation at normal tidal breathing. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the association of body mass (overweight and obese) with oscillometric parameters in preschool children.A preschool medical check of 518 children (age 6.01 ± 0.25 years) included IOS recordings of airway resistance and lung reactance (MasterScreen IOS, CareFusion, Höchberg, Germany). Measured values of respiratory resistance (R5) and reactance (X5) at 5 Hz were correlated with BMI. In addition, data were compared with recently published reference equations.In this young age group of 241 boys and 277 girls there was no significant association between oscillometric parameters and BMI. When compared with current IOS reference values of healthy subjects the relationship of R5 (109 ± 25%) and X5 (105.5 ± 35%) suggested mildly elevated peripheral resistance in this unselected group of preschool children.IOS is ideally suited to obtain measurements of respiratory function in preschool children. At the age of 6 years, standard oscillometric values do not indicate impaired respiratory function associated with increased BMI.Keywords:
Association (psychology)
This paper presents the results of studies made on the breakdown strength of short airgaps under unidirectional, cos-bidirectional and sin-bidirectional oscillatory impulse voltages. Needle-needle and needle-plane electrode configurations have been used. The effect of variation of frequency and decay rate of the oscillatory impulse voltages on the breakdown strength have been studied. The results are compared with those obtained under AC, lightning impulse and switching impulse voltages.
Impulse generator
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The purpose of the research into association is to help subjects strengthen the sense of it conscientiously and ponder problems by the laws of it.Mathematical association is the guide for exploring the way of mathematical solution,the bridge for the transformation from subjects designing to conclusion making,the cradle of seeking for good soulution in amathematical solution,and the ladder for upgrading mathematical thinking level.Often applied association in mathematical solution includes similar form association,structure association,inverse association,general association,definition regressing association and specialization association.
Association (psychology)
Bridge (graph theory)
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One-dimensional numerical calculation is carried out to simulate the impulse produced by contact explosion of different thickness of flexible explosive(FEX) on several base materials.Experimental measurements were conducted to test the impulse of the FEX with thickness of 0.4 mm using self-made impulse probe.The measured impulse is 1 234 Pa·s and agreed well with calculated results.The simulated results show that the impulse quantity of FEX increases proportionally to its thickness;the impulse quantities are sensitive to the shock wave impedance of contacted base materials,and the bigger of the shock wave impedance,the more imparted impulse.
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Association (psychology)
Free association (psychology)
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To improve our capability of association helps to strengthen our memory in listening comprehension. There are three principal laws of association to follow: close association, contrary association and similar association. For different listening materials, different ways of association can be used, such as culture and background association, semantic coherence association, orientation association, context's contrary association, image association, sequence and scene association.
Association (psychology)
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어촌지역을 중심으로 형성된 공동체에는 어촌계와 수산업협동조합이 대표적인데, 간혹 지역어민회가 법률관계에서 등장하는 경우가 있다. 지역어민회는 자연발생적 조직도 아니고 법률에 근거하여 설립된 조직도 아니지만, 어촌지역의 어업권소멸에 따른 보상금을 분배하는 과정에서 중요한 역할을 담당하기도 한다. 그렇지만 지역어민회의 법적 성질이 무엇인지, 그리고 지역어민회는 회원이 어떤 과정을 통해 가입되고 탈퇴하게 되는 것인지 등 명확하게 설명되지 않는 부분들이 많다. 본 논문은 어업권소멸에 따른 보상금분배와 관련하여 포항지역어민회에서 실제 다투어진 사례를 중심으로 지역어민회의 법적 성질과 회원의 가입 및 탈퇴와 관련한 문제들을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 수산업협동조합과 어촌계와의 관계, 단체에의 가입행위의 의미, 단체에의 강제가입의 문제, 어업권의 귀속주체와 행사주체 등 관련 문제들에 대해서도 살펴본다. 필자는 본 논문에서 단지 지역어민회의 법적 성질과 가입 및 탈퇴의 문제를 분석하는 것에 그치는 것이 아니라, 본 논문을 통해 가입강제나 총회결의 문제가 회칙에서 회원의 자격을 명시하고는 있지만 실제 회원가입여부가 다투어질 수 있는 단체에 관해 일반적으로 적용될 수 있는 문제임을 강조한다.
Association (psychology)
Voluntary association
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Purpose Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and audiometric thresholds have been used to account for the impacts of subclinical outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunction on auditory perception and measures of auditory physiology. However, the relationship between DPOAEs and the audiogram is unclear. This study investigated this relationship by determining how well DPOAE levels can predict the audiogram among individuals with clinically normal hearing. Additionally, the impacts of age, noise exposure, and the perception of tinnitus on the ability of DPOAE levels to predict the audiogram were evaluated. Method Suprathreshold DPOAE levels from 1 to 10 kHz and pure-tone thresholds from 0.25 to 16 kHz were measured in 366 ears from 194 young adults (19-35 years old) with clinically normal audiograms and middle ear function. The measured DPOAE levels at all frequencies were used to predict pure-tone thresholds at each frequency. Participants were grouped by age, self-reported noise exposure/Veteran status, and self-report of tinnitus. Results Including DPOAE levels in the pure-tone threshold prediction model improved threshold predictions at all frequencies from 0.25 to 16 kHz compared with a model based only on sample mean pure-tone thresholds, but these improvements were modest. DPOAE levels for
Audiogram
Otoacoustic emission
Subclinical infection
Pure tone
Presbycusis
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Association ability refers to the ability of the subject to have association activities for the purpose of obtaining effective motive force of development, it forms the fundamental development force of both the subject and the human society. Association ability is the multiplication product of association quantity and association quality. Association quantity refers to the multiplication of association scope, speed and frequency while association quality is determined by a series of association structures, including the structure of association subject, the structure of association object, the structure of association content, the structure of association intermediary, the structure of association subject and object and the structure of association time and space.
Association (psychology)
Scope (computer science)
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Association data for 20 words were obtained through two methods, single word association and continued association. Response frequencies in single word association were correlated with response frequencies in continued association and with a measure of association strength in continued association which took into account frequency and average order of emission of response words. The latter correlations ranged from .52 to .94 and were in each case higher than the corresponding frequency-frequency correlations. It was concluded that continued association and single word association produce similar response hierarchies and that order of emission is related to association strength in continued association. It was suggested that the order of emission-frequency measure developed in this paper may be an economical and perhaps useful measure of association strength.
Association (psychology)
Word Association
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Through analyzing the completion of puberty color aesthetic activity form of thinking,with short,intermittent,jump and change characteristics,it clarifid the characteristics of youth color aesthetic association,they are image association,artistic conception association,Idea association,emotion Lenovo,semantic association,etc.It classified and further affirmed the youth color aesthetic association is uncertainty network structure between concrete and abstract according to the qualities of youth thinking.
Association (psychology)
Free association (psychology)
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