In vitro Cytotoxicity, Apoptotic and Hemolysis Assay of Kalsilite‐Based Glass Ceramics for Dental Veneering Application
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Abstract:
Nanocrystalline kalsilite material was synthesized via a gel‐trapped coprecipitation for dental veneering applications. The prepared kalsilite powder was further mixed with a separately processed low temperature frit ( LTF ), in different weight ratio to optimize its coefficient of thermal expansion ( CTE ). These mixes were analyzed for their flexural strength and surface morphology. The cytocompatibility of mixes was investigated with reference to their effect on human buccal epithelial cells ( SCC ‐25). The flexural strength and CTE values of prepared kalsilite have been found to be comparable to the values obtained for a commercial opaque VMK 95 1M2 (product no. B333250; VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH KG Postfach 1338 D‐79704 Bad Sackingen, Germany). This confirmed the feasibility of prepared kalsilite material for dental veneering application. Kalsilite glass‐ceramic materials caused moderate levels of apoptosis in SCC ‐25 cells at higher concentrations and were also tolerable by human RBC as evaluated from hemolytic assay. Human buccal epithelial cells were tolerant to kalsilite glass‐ceramic materials at lower concentrations although higher concentration (500 μg/mL) caused moderate damages in proliferative capacity of SCC ‐25. The improved mechanical and biological properties of the prepared kalsilite confirmed its potential use in dental veneering.Cite
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Vickers hardness test
Functionally graded material
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Porous SiC Ceramics with Multiple Pore Structure Fabricated via Gelcasting and Solid State Sintering
Porous SiC ceramics with multiple pore structures were fabricated via gelcasting and solid state sintering.A novel gelling agent of Isobam was applied and PMMA was used as both foam stabilizer and pore forming agent.The mechanical properties of porous SiC ceramics were investigated as functions of PMMA content, rotating speed of ball mill, and sintering temperature.With PMMA content increasing from 5wt% to 20wt%, the foaming effect was inhibited while the stability of bubbles increased.When the rotating speed was 220 r/min, the open porosities of the as-prepared SiC ceramics sintered at 2100 varied ℃ from 51.5% to 72.8%, and compressive strength varied from 7.9 to 48.2 MPa.With the rotating speed increasing from 220 to 280 r/min, the foaming effect was aggravated and the porosities of SiC ceramics sintered at 2100 increased.℃ While the sintering temperature increasing from 2050 to 2150 , ℃ the SiC ceramics prepared with PMMA content of 20wt% at rotating speed of 220 r/min decreased in the open porosities while increased in compressive strength.
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ZrB2 based composites containing 10 vol.-% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesised by spark plasma sintering at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 18008C and at an applied pressure of 25 MPa. The effects of sintering temperature on densification behaviour, microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties are presented. Results indicate that ZrB2-CNT composites fabricated at 16508C have the optimal combination of dense microstructure and properties. The fracture toughness is sensitive to the temperature change and reaches 7.2 MPa m1/2 for the CNT toughened ZrB2 ceramics, which is higher than the measured result for monolithic ZrB2 (3.3 MPa m1/2). The crack deflection and CNT pullout are the dominant toughening mechanisms.
Spark Plasma Sintering
Toughening
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Spark Plasma Sintering
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Glass powder was used to reinforce phenolic resin to increase its flexural strength for structural engineering applications by a research centre on composites, University of Southern Queensland (USQ). Provided sufficient strength of the composites is maintained for structural applications, the centre wishes to add in as much glass powder as possible to reduce cost. This project varies the percentage by weight of the glass powder in the composites from 5% to 30% in step of 5 %. The specimens were then subjected to flexural tests. This is the second study on the same project with a view to confirming the results obtained in the previous study. The results show that composite with 15 % by weight of the glass hollow spheres produces the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus combined with a very good fluidity for casting. The maximum flexural strain achieved was with neat resin. The results on flexural strength, flexural modulus and maximum flexural strain coincided with those in the previous study.
Flexural modulus
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Objective: To investigate the flexural strength and flexural modulus of four provisional restorative materials. Methods: The flexural strength(FS) and flexural modulus(FM) of Integrity(group A),Luxatemp(group B),Structur 2 SC(group C) and Protemp 3 Garant(group D) were tested in three-point bending test.Results: There was no significant difference among group B,C and D in flexural strength(P0.05),and group A had the significantly highest flexural strength(P 0.05).There was no significant difference of flexural modulus among group A,B and C(P0.05),which were significantly higher than the group D(P0.05).Conclusion: It was shown that the Integrity owned the highest flexural strength and the Protemp 3 Garant possessed the lowest flexural modulus.The clinician must be aware of the characteristics of various materials and make the suitable choice of provisional materials.
Flexural modulus
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Nanocrystalline material
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