Metal Foam Substrate for DOC and DPF Applications
G. C. KoltsakisDimitrios KatsaounisIoannis MarkomanolakisZissis SamarasD. NaumannSh. SaberiAndreas Böhm
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Diesel emissions legislation continues to tighten around the world, and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions are currently the focus of much attention. Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs), which can effectively reduce the level of carbon (soot) emissions to ambient background levels. In the Heavy Duty Diesel (HDD) area, the Continuously Regenerating Trap (CRT®) [1] has been widely applied in the retrofit market. This system will henceforth be referred to as the Continuously Regenerating DPF (CR-DPF). There are currently over 100,000 of these systems in use in retrofit applications worldwide. This system comprises a specially formulated Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) upstream of a DPF; the NO 2 generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperatures. A model describing the performance of the CR-DPF has been developed. This model comprises two basic components: i) a 1-D DOC model based on laboratory microreactor data, and ii) a 1-D DPF model. The DOC model includes Langmuir-Hinshelwood expressions to describe the kinetics of the NO, CO and HC oxidation reactions. This model has been validated using engine data measured over both low and high temperature driving cycles. The DPF model has been validated using engine bench pressure drop data measured over the ESC (European Stationary Cycle). These 2 models have been combined to create a full model of the CR-DPF system, which has been validated over a wide range of conditions. Very good agreement between the experimental data and the model has been achieved.
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The trapping, loading and regenerating behaviors of a non-coated SiC diesel particulate filter(DPF) were investigated experimentally on a CA6DL2-35E3 high pressure common rail heavy-duty diesel engine with the fuel borne catalyst(FBC) added into the used 0# diesel fuel. The results show that the particulate trapping efficiency was up to 90% under the ESC-13 test cycle using low sulfur Euro4 0# diesel fuel. During the regeneration process the temperature at DPF outlet position was the highest near the central axis, being the thermal stress concentration area. According to the ESC condition weight distribution and the feasible regenerative condition range, the weight ratio between the regenerative and non-regenerative conditions is much higher than the ratio between the limit regenerative time and loading time. This implicates the DPF with FBC can regenerate reliably. The particulate loading in DPF causes EGR change obviously, so the DPF/FBC technology is suitable for the technical route of EGR coupled with DPF for the Euro4 diesel engine.
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A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration process was investigated during aftertreatment exhaust of a simulated diesel engine under the influence of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). Aerosol mass spectrometry analysis showed that the presence of the DOC decreases the Organic Carbon (OC) fraction adsorbed to soot particles. The activation energy values determined for soot nanoparticles oxidation were 97 ± 5 and 101 ± 8 kJ mol(-1) with and without the DOC, respectively; suggesting that the DOC does not facilitate elementary carbon oxidation. The minimum temperature necessary for DPF regeneration was strongly affected by the presence of the DOC in the aftertreatment. The conversion of NO to NO(2) inside the DOC induced the DPF regeneration process at a lower temperature than O(2) (ΔT = 30 K). Also, it was verified that the OC fraction, which decreases in the presence of the DOC, plays an important role to ignite soot combustion.
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The technology of diesel particulate filter (DPF) is one of the most effective ways to control particulate emission of diesel engine. In this paper, a DPF was installed on a high-pressure common rail diesel engine, which meets China Stage III emission standard (GB17691-2005), to investigate the filtration efficiency of DPF, and its effects on exhaust back pressure, fuel economy, and emissions characteristics of diesel engine by test bench. Results showed that after DPF was installed on the engine, the PM was reduced by more than 90%, while specific fuel consumption and exhaust back pressure were increased by about 5% and 10kPa, respectively.
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The characteristics of diesel particulate filter (DPF) initiative regeneration is studied in this paper.A computer model is established and the effects of diesel engine speed,oxygen concentration of exhaust gas,particulate mass,particulate activation energy,and exhaust temperature on the characteristics of DPF initiative regeneration were analyzed.The results show that in a suitable condition,it is possible to realize the DPF initiative regeneration by retarding the fuel injection timing to some extent to raise exhaust temperature and by adopting fuel additive or catalyst to decrease particulate activation energy.
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