Separation of N-derivatized di- and tri-peptide stereoisomers by micro-liquid chromatography using a quinidine-based monolithic column – Analysis of l-carnosine in dietary supplements
Qiqin WangElena Sánchez‐LópezHai HanHuihui WuPeijie ZhuJacques CrommenMarı́a Luisa MarinaZhengjin Jiang
20
Citation
48
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Carnosine
Abstract: Carnosine (β‐alanyl‐ l ‐histidine) is found exclusively in animal tissues. Carnosine has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes (e.g., protein oxidation, glycation, AGE formation, and cross‐linking) that accompany aging and associated pathologies. Glycation, generation of advanced glycosylation end‐products (AGEs), and formation of protein carbonyl groups play important roles in aging, diabetes, its secondary complications, and neurodegenerative conditions. Due to carnosine's antiglycating activity, reactivity toward deleterious carbonyls, zinc‐ and copper‐chelating activity and low toxicity, carnosine and related structures could be effective against age‐related protein carbonyl stress. It is suggested that carnivorous diets could be beneficial because of their carnosine content, as the dipeptide has been shown to suppress some diabetic complications in mice. It is also suggested that carnosine's therapeutic potential should be explored with respect to neurodegeneration. Olfactory tissue is normally enriched in carnosine, but olfactory dysfunction is frequently associated with neurodegeneration. Olfactory administration of carnosine could provide a direct route to compromised tissue, avoiding serum carnosinases.
Carnosine
Cite
Citations (49)
Carnosine
Anserine
Cite
Citations (35)
The biological role of the histidine-containing dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been reviewed. The properties and putative biological role of the dipeptide in vertebrate tissues are considered. The antioxidative activity of carnosine and related compounds is described. The author's conception of the membranoprotective effect of carnosine on cells, tissues, and whole organism has been formulated. The properties of carnosine as an antistressory radioprotective agent are discussed. The data presented suggest that carnosine is a perspective immunomodulating tool which has many applications in medicine.
Carnosine
Anserine
Cite
Citations (1)
The stability of infusion solutions prepared from carnosine by extraction from biological material was studied. The substance differed from the commercial product (Sigma, USA) obtained by chemical synthesis. The presence in carnosine preparations of free amino acids and a broad spectrum of transient metal ions caused its destruction in solution. Carnosine decomposition was accompanied by its decline in solution with simultaneous increases in free amino acids (L-histidine and beta-alanine). This finding suggests that chemical destruction of carnosine can be mediated by a complex hydrolysis-oxidation mechanism. The effects of temperature, pH; illumination, and other factors on the stability of carnosine solutions during storage were studied and approaches to a stabilization of infusion solutions of the dipeptide elaborated.
Carnosine
Chemical Stability
Alanine
Anserine
Cite
Citations (0)
Chiral stationary phase
Chiral derivatizing agent
Cite
Citations (4)
Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide that buffers intracellular pH and quenches toxic products of lipid peroxidation. Used as a dietary supplement, it also supports exercise endurance. However, the accumulation and distribution of carnosine after supplementation has not been rigorously evaluated. To do this, we randomized a cohort to receive daily supplements of either placebo or carnosine (2 g/day). Blood and urine samples were collected twice over the subsequent 12 week supplementation period and we measured levels of red blood cell (RBC) carnosine, urinary carnosine, and urinary carnosine-propanol and carnosine-propanal conjugates by LC/MS–MS. We found that, when compared with placebo, supplementation with carnosine for 6 or 12 weeks led to an approximate twofold increase in RBC carnosine, while levels of urinary carnosine increased nearly sevenfold. Although there were no changes in the urinary levels of carnosine propanol, carnosine propanal increased nearly twofold. RBC carnosine levels were positively associated with urinary carnosine and carnosine propanal levels. No adverse reactions were reported by those in the carnosine or placebo arms, nor did carnosine supplementation have any effect on kidney, liver, and cardiac function or blood electrolytes. In conclusion, irrespective of age, sex, or BMI, oral carnosine supplementation in humans leads to its increase in RBC and urine, as well as an increase in urinary carnosine-propanal. RBC carnosine may be a readily accessible pool to estimate carnosine levels. Clinical trial registration: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT Trial)—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov), under the registration: NCT03314987.
Carnosine
Cite
Citations (1)
Carnosine, Small but Mighty—Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation
Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine's biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
Ingredient
Functional food
Carnosine
Cite
Citations (63)
Atypically high selectivity (alpha > 2) chiral separations have been observed on Pirkle type supports. These separations were examined in terms of their response to various modifiers, thermodynamic behavior and LSER modeling. Atypical thermodynamic and LSER results were observed along with large changes in selectivity between modifiers. The use of bulky modifiers gave increased selectivity resulting from dramatic increases in the retention of the second eluting enantiomer. These findings lead to the conclusion that increased retention is due to an inability of bulky modifers to penetrate a tight complex between selector and this enantiomer.
Cite
Citations (5)