The Effects of Trunk Stabilization Exercise on the Back Pain Disability Index in Chronic Low Back Pain
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Abstract:
Purpose : This study was performed for effects of intervention of mat & ball exercise, sling exercise, and general intervention. The purpose of this study was to know influenced on the change of Oswestry back pain disability index (OBPDI) with chronic low back pain(CLBP) patients. Methods : Three groups of CLBP patients(n=53) were allocated randomly in this study experimental group I (mat & ball exercise group MBE, n=18), experimental group II(sling exercise group SE, n=18) and control group(general intervention, n=17). Intervention was provided 6 weeks(S days a week). Experimental group was provided 3 set a day(10 time/ 1 set, 10sec holding and 10sec resting/ 1 time). The following was the result of the data analysis about OBPDI experiment that had been carried on a week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, S weeks, 6 weeks after, and even comparing with pre-experimental state. Results : The results were as follows. OBPDI about intervention period had decrease in the MBE and the SE groups. but there was no difference in the control group. Among three groups, The MBE and the SE groups had difference compare with control group. This shows that the MBE and the SE groups had effective decrease pain and disability. Conclusion : Therefore, this study shows that trunk stabilization exercise program influenced on the change of OBPDI with CLBP patients.Keywords:
Oswestry Disability Index
Back Pain
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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the changes caused by lumbar stabilization exercises in chronic low back pain patients. [Subjects and Methods] Swiss ball exercise regimen group and sling exercise regimen group exercised for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. The control group was to continue performing their usual daily living activities. [Results] We obtained significant results in both the Swiss ball and sling exercise groups, but not in the control group. The best effect was obtained in the sling exercise group. [Conclusion] The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index and visual pain scale scores of the patients with low back pain decreased in both the Swiss ball exercise group and the sling exercise group, and these patients experienced an increase in waist isometric muscular strength after 12 weeks of exercise compared with those doing no exercise (the control group).
Sling (weapon)
Oswestry Disability Index
Regimen
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This randomized controlled trial aimed to examine effects of core stabilization exercise (CSE) in subacute non-specific low back pain. Sample size was participants were women aged 18-60 years with low back pain duration between 6 - 12 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups, an exercise group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to compare differences between groups for outcome measures. Results found that the exercise group showed significantly reductions in pain intensity score and disability score than control group ( P < 0.05) at the 4 th and the 7 th week of intervention.
Analysis of covariance
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This study examined the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises on the pain, pelvic tilt (PT), functional disability, and balance of patients with chronic lower back pain (CLBP).
Pelvic tilt
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 15 weeks of intensive bi-weekly group exercise in sedentary subjects with long-lasting chronic low back pain (CLBP). Twenty-nine sedentary subjects with long-lasting CLBP were successively assigned to an exercise group (EG, n=16) or a control group (CG, n=13). Patients in the EG exercised for 75 min bi-weekly for 15 weeks. The CG followed traditional medical care. Cardiovascular fitness, back and abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility of hip muscles and the spine were measured before and after treatment. Outcome measures were low back pain (visual analogue scale, VAS), functional disability (the revised Oswestry LBP Disability Index), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HAD), and active and passive pain coping strategies (Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory, VPMI). The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups in advantage of the EG in all physical capacity tests, except for cardiovascular fitness. Outcome measures showed a statistically significant positive effect in favor of the EG in functional disability (p<0.03) and depression (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant reduction in VAS. The limitations of this study are lack of blinding, a non-randomized design, and a small sample size. However, the results are promising and demonstrate that sedentary patients with long-lasting LBP can carry out intensive physical exercise. The group exercise program was effective in improving physical impairment and reducing functional disability and depression.
Oswestry Disability Index
Depression
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[Purpose] The present study examined the influence of treadmill exercise added to a low back pain rehabilitation program on low back extensor strength, pain, and dysfunction in chronic low back pain patients. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty men aged 22-36 years with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 10 patients each. Both groups underwent a low back pain rehabilitation program lasting 30 min each, thrice/week for 8 weeks. The experimental group was prescribed an additional 30 min of treadmill exercise without a slope at a speed of 3.0-3.5 km/h, at which patients could walk comfortably. Low back extensor strength was tested using the Medx lumbar extension machine, pain level was tested, using the visual analog scale, and dysfunction was tested, using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. [Results] Changes in low back extensor strength by angle showed significant interaction effects between measurement time and group at 12°, 24°, and 36°. The results of the visual analog scale and Oswestry Questionnaire showed a decreasing trend after the experiment in both groups. However, there was no interaction effect of the additional treadmill exercise in the experimental group. [Conclusion] The combination of a low back pain rehabilitation program and treadmill exercise has a synergistic effect, to some extent, on the improvement of low back extensor strength and should be considered for treatment and rehabilitation of low back pain patients.
Treadmill
Back Pain
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Core stability
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[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of the Neurac sling exercise on postural balance adjustment and muscular response patterns in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen CLBP patients participated in this study. They were randomly and equally assigned to group I, whose members received ordinary physical therapy (40 minutes per time, four times per week), and group II, whose members performed a lumbar stabilization exercise using the Neurac sling after ordinary physical therapy (40 minutes per time, four times per week). The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate exercise effects. BioRescue and electromyography were utilized for the measurement of changes in postural balance adjustment and muscular response patterns, respectively. [Results] Both groups saw their VAS and ODI decrease significantly. There were significant decreases in both groups in posturography as well, but group II recorded a greater decrease. There were significant increases in the flexion-relaxation ratio in both groups, and there were significant increases in the extension-flexion ratio in the left L1-2 of group I and in all elements of group II. [Conclusion] Lumbar stabilization exercise using the Neurac sling is effective in decreasing pain, improving damaged postural balance adjustment, and normalizing muscle response patterns of CLBP patients.
Posturography
Oswestry Disability Index
Sling (weapon)
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To study the effect of trunk muscles stabilization exercises and general exercises on pain on recurrent non specific low back ache. A total number of 80 patients with recurrent non specific low back pain are allocated randomly into 1 of 2 groups; control group received general exercise only (n=40) and experimental group received specific stabilization (n=40). Both groups received 6 weeks exercise intervention with 30-40 min per session, thrice per week and written advice. A VAS scale was used to measure pain. Outcomes were measured before and after intervention. Outcome measures for both groups showed significance in reducing disability The calculated t-values for the VAS showed a significant variation at p=0.00. It showed that there is fulfilled improvement in post test VAS values when compared to pre-test VAS values in both the groups. The mean improvement in the group II that received core strengthening is higher when compared to the group I that received conventional exercise program. The calculated p value showed a significance of difference in improvement at p=0.015, which indicates that experimental group has higher gains in improvement in VAS than the Control group. This shows that mean improvement in the group II that received core strengthening is higher when compared to the group I that received conventional exercise program. This study concludes that specific stabilization exercise is beneficial in reducing pain and improved function in chronic non specific low back pain.
Core stability
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This study was designed 10 investigate the effects of therapeutic gymnastic ball exercise on pain, flexibility, lumbar disability level and daily activity levels in male patients of the armed forces medical hospital who complain of chronic low back pain. Twenty-three males were placed in the experimental group and twenty-nine males were placed in the control group. All of the subjects were chosen on the basis of availability among in-patients who were diagnosed with low back pain. The control patients were matched to the experimental group and they were selected considering gender, pain duration and age. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy was developed by the author with the assistance of a rehabilitation specialist. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy includes muscle relaxation, flexibility, muscle strength and posture development exercises. The gymnastic ball exercise therapy was carried out by the experimental group three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after the experiments, the intensity of pain, the lumbar joint mobility (flexibility), the lumbar disability levels, and the daily activity levels of the subjects were measured, respectively. The intensity of pain and the lumbar disability levels were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, the level of flexibility by a measurement ruler, and the level of disability by the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale. Data were analysed using a t-test, a paired t-test and an unpaired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The intensity of pain in the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8th week. 2. The flexibility of the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8 week. 3. The level of pain caused by anterior, posterior, left lateral and right lateral bending and by rotation in experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. 4. The Oswestry Disability score of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of control group. These findings indicate that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be effective in decreasing pain and lumbar disability, and increasing the daily activity levels and lumbar flexibility in patients with chronic low back pain. The study also suggests that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be an essential factor for effective nursing intervention for patients suffering from chronic low back pain.
Back Pain
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Background
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is seen frequently in all societies of the world that causes significant loss of working days. Many treatment modalities have been proposed for its treatment.Objectives
The aim of this trial is to search effectiveness of specifically adopted exercise programs on its own and with low back school on pain, disability, trunk and quadriceps muscle strength, walking performance, spinal mobility, quality of life (QOL), and depression in the patients with CLBP.Methods
A total of 121 patients with definite CLBP were included in this study. The patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 60) was given exercises only and accepted as the control group. Group 2 (n = 61) received back school program and exercises. The exercise treatment was performed 3 days a week, for 3 months. The pain (visual analog scale, VAS), disability (Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, ODQ), walking performance (6 minute walking test, 6MWT), depression (Beck Depression Inventory scores, BDI), and QOL (Short Form 36, SF-36) of all participants were evaluated. The trunk and knee muscle strength were measured with a handheld dynamometer. Patients were assessed at baseline (BT), at the end of treatment (AT), and at the six month follow-up (F).Results
Statistically significant improvements were found between groups regarding all of the clinical parameters over time. Pain, disability, muscle strength, endurance, 6MWT, mobility, QOL, and depression of both groups also showed improvements AT. These improvements persisted at 6-months follow-ups (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the groups for pain, disability, muscle strength, endurance, 6MWT, QOL, and depression regarding the change scores between AT–BT test and F–BT test (P < 0.05). Group 2 fared better than group 1 except for mobility.Conclusions
Exercise programs can be modified and used successfully in CLBP and this effect can be increased with addition of back school further.Disclosure of Interest
None DeclaredDepression
Oswestry Disability Index
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