Alzheimer disease (AD) type changes in AIDS
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As the longevity of AIDS patients successfully treated with anti retroviral therapy increases, a rise in the prevalence of older AIDS patients that also have AD is expected. This study was undertaken to assess the incidence of AD lesions in a cohort of well-characterized prospectively studied HIV/AIDS patients. Brain specimens for this study are part of the National Neurological AIDS Bank (NNAB) collection, a Los Angeles site of the NIH funded National Neuro-AIDS Tissue Consortium, which collects and distributes brain and other tissues for studies of neurological diseases in HIV/AIDS. Microscopic sections from a total of 31 cases AIDS cases 50 years or older at death were analyzed. Of those cases, 23 were 50 to 59 years old, 5 were 60 to 69 years old and 3 cases were 70 to 76 years old at death. Seven additional non-AIDS, HIV negative cases age 51 to 78 years served as controls. Sections of frontal and temporal cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia were stained with Bielschowski techniques and immunostained for beta amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles and alpha synuclein. Amyloid deposits were found in 6 out of 31 AIDS cases, age 54, 58, 61, 66, 66 and 70 years. In one of these cases, age 66 years, amyloid deposits were severe presenting as florid AD. Amyloid deposits were found in 3 out of 7 non-AIDS control cases. Although the incidence of amyloid deposits in AIDS cases was lower then expected, this preliminary study is too small to draw a significant conclusion and larger studies are needed to explore the picture of co-incident AD and AIDS. Supported by NIH NS 38841.The objective was to discuss the evolution of the real incidence of breast cancer. Observed incidence as calculated by cancer registries differs from the real incidence because of the artifacts brought by diagnostic procedures and case collection. Age-period-cohort models were applied to nearly 11,200 incident breast cancers collected by the Cancer Registry of Isère from 1983 to 2002 in women aged 30-84. We took into account prior knowledge and assumptions concerning the evolution of real incidence, diagnostic procedures, and collection of cases. In the age group 30-49, no real incidence increase was seen if we assume that diagnostic procedures and collection of cases were not impaired. In women aged 50-69, an increase of real incidence and intensive screening could explain the increase of observed incidence but exact quantifications are difficult. At most, the increase due to screening would reach 50%. In women aged 70-84, no real incidence increase was suspected if we assume that changes in clinical practices and screening led to more breast cancer cases collected.
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Cerebrospinal meningitis
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In the mid- to late-1980s white populations in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland showed a sharp increase in melanoma incidence above preceding long-term trends, in some cases as much as doubling in as little as 2 years. Most of this increase was in thin melanomas, (<1.50 mm thick), and males were more affected than females. Thicker melanomas also generally increased in incidence, particularly in males aged 65 years or older. Examination of Australian Medicare and pathology laboratory data indicated that excision of skin lesions and laboratory diagnosis of pigmented lesions also rose sharply in this period, suggesting that advancement of the time of diagnosis was a likely factor in the increase in melanoma incidence. However the maintenance of new higher incidence levels and the increase in incidence of thicker lesions suggests that advancement of diagnosis cannot explain all of the increase. A real increase in incidence and increasing diagnosis of a preexisting, non-metastasizing form of thin melanoma may also have contributed
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OBJECTIVES The prevalence of hyponutrition among hospitalized patients varies between 30 to 50%, increasing both the morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of hyponutrition in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at the General Surgery Department. METHODS Prospective, observation, and longitudinal study assessing the nutritional status by means of VGS, CONUT, and MNA. RESULTS 384 patients: 97 surgical diabetic patients, incidence of hyponutrition assessed by VGS 28.8%, by MNA among patients older than 65 years 54.28%. Two hundred and eighty seven non-diabetic surgical patients were assessed with an incidence of hyponutrition of 12.9%, and of 52.94% by MNA. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hyponutrition in surgical diabetic patients is twofold higher than in non-diabetic patients. Elder diabetic and non-diabetic surgical patients show the same incidence of hyponutrition. Given the high incidence of hyponutrition in surgical patients admitted to the General Surgery Department, the nutritional status should be assessed by means of a protocolled method, at admission by VSG or MNA if they are older than 65 years, and admitted patients should be followed by using CONUT.
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Summary The annual incidence of cryptococcosis during 1981–2000 was determined in subscribers of a large integrated health care program in Northern California and in those among them who were HIV positive. The incidence of cryptococcosis had been measured in this setting in the previous decade. The 20‐year incidence per million person‐years was 19.0 in males and 2.6 in females. In males, annual incidence rose sharply but irregularly from 1981 to 1992, then decreased irregularly. In females, trends were less marked, with maximum incidence in 1997. In HIV‐positive patients cryptococcosis incidence was highest in 1981–85 and decreased thereafter in men. In women, maximum incidence occurred in 1986–90 and was followed by a decrease. Cryptococcosis was rare in the non‐predisposed. Thus, cryptococcosis incidence increased markedly in men early in the AIDS epidemic, and began to decrease in both male and female HIV‐positive patients well before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available.
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Acute abdominal pain
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the thrombocytopenia purpura incidence of children in Jiangxi province.METHODS All the thrombocytopenia purpura cases younger than 14 years old who fell ill during 2007-2009 and hospitalized in either county and higher classes hospital located in Nanchang,Jingdezhen and Yichun were investigated.RESULTS 549 children of thrombocytopenia purpura were investigated.The average annual incidence was 7.20 /100 000,and the masculine incidence was 8.70/100 000,while the feminine was 5.51/100 000.The incidence of 0-4 age group was the highest and it was 15.75 /100 000.The peak of incidence was on May and October every year.CONCLUSION The thrombocytopenia purpura incidence of children is about 7 /100 000 in Jiangxi province.The masculine incidence is relatively higher;and infant is the peak age group.There is no significant difference between four seasons.
Purpura (gastropod)
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The incidence of diabetes mellitus complications was assessed on the basis of diabetes mellitus register in 1478 diabetics living in the Lenin district of Moscow. The incidence of microangiopathies was reliably higher in patients with insulin-dependent condition (IDDM) than in those with the non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) one. The incidence of retinopathies and nephropathies was much higher in women with IDDM than in men. The incidence of macroangioptithies was higher in NIDDM than in those with IDDM. The incidence of coronary disease and arterial hypertension was the highest in women with NIDDM. The incidence of complications increased with a longer standing of the disease and age of the patients.
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Objective:To get the data of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence in Shenzhen,provide a basis for further study of T1DM.Methods:A retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of T1DM among children aged 0～14 years was conducted in Shenzhen from January 1999 to December 2006 by capture recapture method (CRM).Results:39 children aged 0～14 years with T1DM were found from 1999 to 2006,including 19 boys and 20 girls;the mean incidence was 0.737 0/100 000 per year; projected incidence was 0.755 9/100 000 per year (95%CI:0.718 1~0.793 7/100 000);the incidence of 2004 was the highest (1.965 4/100 000 per year),while the incidence of children aged 10~14 years was the highest (1.270 0/100 000 per year);there was no significant difference in the T1DM incidence between boys (0.714 5/100 000 per year) and girls (0.759 8/100 000 per year) (χ2=0.04,P0.05 ).Conclusion:The incidence of T1DM is 0.737 0/100 000 per year,projected incidence is 0.755 9/100 000 per year,the incidence of children aged 10~14 years is the highest,there is no significant difference in the T1DM incidence between boys and girls,compared to other countries,the incidence of T1DM in Shenzhen is low,but compared to other cities in China,the incidence is a little high.
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