Influence of Airspeed Measurement Error – Implications for Dead Reckoning Navigation
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Abstract:
Errors in navigational instruments can significantly affect flight safety. Airspeed is a key piece of navigational data that depends on accurately measured air pressure, which in turn depends on accurately measured air temperature. Instead of measuring the outside air temperature in real time, cockpit instruments are preprogrammed with standard air temperature values for different flight altitudes, but atmospheric conditions can cause the actual temperature to deviate substantially from these standard values. In the present study, test flights were conducted under various atmospheric conditions to examine how the actual temperature affects the deviation of the actual airspeed from the measured airspeed. Results indicate that the differences between the actual and the standard temperature, and not those between the actual and the standard pressure, are the primary cause of deviations of the measured from the actual airspeed. The results of this study may help establish aircraft flight models based on more accurate estimates of navigational parameters.Keywords:
Airspeed
Cockpit
Air navigation
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The problem to be solved, as presented to the pilot or observer of an aircraft, is as follows: The aircraft starting from A must land at B, the only data being the speed of the airplane, the altitude and the orientation D of the course. The above data would be amply sufficient, were it not for the fact that the airplane is constantly subjected to a wind of variable direction and strength.
Airplane
Dead reckoning
Observer (physics)
Air navigation
Wind triangle
Course (navigation)
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The purpose of this paper, which was presented at the seminar on Coastal Navigation described on p. 448, is to consider the role of ‘dead reckoning’ at the present time, in the context of coastal navigation, and to indicate one or two devices which might alleviate the navigator's task in trying conditions and perhaps improve the accuracy of the result.
Dead reckoning
Instrumentation
Air navigation
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Dead reckoning capabilities are vital in ship navigation if position and heading references are unrealizable or lost. In safety critical marine operations such as dynamic positioning, the International Maritime Organization and classification societies require that the vessel possesses dead reckoning capabilities and position reference redundancy. In this paper, we conduct a full-scale experimental validation and comparison of the dead reckoning capabilities using two different high-rate and low-cost micro-electro-mechanical inertial measurement units. The full-scale experimental validation is achieved with two nonlinear observers, aided by gyrocompasses and position reference systems, in a dynamic positioning operation carried out by an offshore vessel in the North Sea. The dead reckoning performance is evaluated after ten minutes without aiding from position reference system measurements.
Dead reckoning
Dynamic positioning
Position (finance)
Dead zone
Wind triangle
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Airspeed
Anemometer
Payload (computing)
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This article shows a dead reckoning system which is able to use any possible information from the infrastructures to correct and calibrate itself. The movement determination is realised by a 3DOF orientation Tracker. A particle filter combines the dead reckoning method with any infrastructures available.
Dead reckoning
Tracking (education)
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