Geomorphodiversity in Italy: Examples from the Dolomites, Northern Apennines and Vesuvius

Following the concept of geomorphodiversity (Panizza 2009), the extrinsic and intrinsic peculiarities of the geomorphology of the Dolomites, Emilia-Romagna Apennines and Vesuvius volcano are outlined. The Dolomites show an exceptional beauty and unique landscape. The inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List is an important scientific achievement, owing mainly to their geomorphological importance. The Emilia-Romagna Apennines, a candidate for enrolment in the European Geopark Network, show a multifaceted and complex image from the geomorphological point of view. They constitute an educational example to illustrate geomorphic evolution, gypsum karst phenomena and morphodynamic peculiarities. The Vesuvius volcano shows geomorphodiversity mainly referred to the type of eruptions, with some exemplary processes inserted in international volcanic nomenclature. It makes up an important geoheritage site that can be considered a field laboratory for volcanic geomorphology research. As for the management of these mountains, a conceptual path is suggested and illustrated, following the phases of knowledge, communication, awareness, protection and appraisal.