EFEITO DE ÉPOCAS DE DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA NA EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DO NITROGÊNIO DA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO cv. IMBABELLO

To identify specific growth stages of the common bean crop at which the plant is less sensitive to water stress, in which irrigation could be omitted without significant decrease in biological nitrogen fixation and final yield, a field experiment was conducted at "La Tola" University Experiment Station, Tumbaco, Pichincha, Ecuador, on a sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustoll). The treatments consisted of the combinations of seven irrigation regimes, including normal watering, full stress, traditional practice, single stress at vegetation, at flowering, at yield formation and at ripening, and two levels of applied N (20 and 80 kg/ha). These fourteen treatment combinations were arranged and analysed in a split-plot design with four replications. The plot size was 33.6 m2 (8 rows, 7 m long) with a population of 120,000 plants/ha. Irrigation treatments were started after uniform germination and crop establishment. Soil moisture was monitored with neutron probe down to the 0.50 m depth, 24 hours before and after each irrigation. Nitrogen Fixation was calculated using the 15N methodology for the 20 kg N/ha treatment. Yield data show that treatments which had irrigation deficit had lower yield than those with supplementary irrigation. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the number of pods and grain yield. Biological Nitrogen Fixation was significantly affected by water stress at the flowering and yield formation stages.