Campylobacter spp. and Typing Tools (Review)

Campylobacter spp. are the principal bacteria causing human gastroenteritis globally. Recently, several species of Campylobacter other than C. jejuni and C. coli have been identified. These emerging species have been associated with undiagnosed intestinal infectious diseases, although their clinical importance has not been determined yet. In order to establish the implication of the emerging bacterial species in human gastroenteritis, several epidemiological studies have been performed, where molecular typing methods have played a central role. This review provides an overview of the most used molecular typing tools used to characterized Campylobacter species.