Correlation between γ-globulins and Encephalitozoon cuniculi immunoglobulins in suspected infected rabbits

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a parasite that can infect a variety of animals, including immune-compromised humans. Rabbits are prone to encephalitozoonosis but the subclinical course and high serum prevalence make it difficult to diagnose with certainty in live animals. Different approaches have been used to support the presence of an active infection in symptomatic rabbits: antibodies titers, IgM and IgG serum evaluation, electrophoresis, PCR in urine, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. In this study, 76 symptomatic rabbits were divided in three groups based on their Ig results: IgM+ IgG+, IgM-IgG+ and IgM-IgG-. By statistical analysis total serum protein was proved not to be effective in predicting an antibody response, in contrast the γ-globulin ranges from serum electrophoresis can predict whether the patient is positive for IgM and/or IgG. In fact, a significant quantitative correlation between percentage of γ-globulins and positive IgM and IgG serum for E. cuniculi was established in symptomatic rabbit. These values can be useful to perform a screening both for symptomatic and asymptomatic rabbits.