Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Summary Background & aims : Few clinical trials have addressed the potential benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated the effects of supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs from flaxseed and fish oils in patients with biopsy-proven NASH. Methods Patients received three capsules daily, each containing 0.315 g of omega-3 PUFAs (64% alpha-linolenic [ALA], 16% eicosapentaenoic [EPA], and 21% docosahexaenoic [DHA] acids; n-3 group, n  = 27) or mineral oil (placebo group, n  = 23). Liver biopsies were evaluated histopathologically by the NASH activity score (NAS). Plasma levels of omega-3 PUFAs were assessed as a marker of intake at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in plasma biochemical markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and liver function at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Results At baseline, NAS was comparable between the groups ( p  = 0.98). After intervention with omega-3 PUFAs, plasma ALA and EPA levels increased ( p  ≤ 0.05). However in the placebo group, we also observed increased EPA and DHA ( p  ≤ 0.05), suggesting an off-protocol intake of PUFAs. NAS improvement/stabilization was correlated with increased ALA in the n-3 group ( p  = 0.02) and with increased EPA ( p  = 0.04) and DHA ( p  = 0.05) in the placebo group. Triglycerides were reduced after 3 months in the n-3 group compared to baseline ( p  = 0.01). Conclusions In NASH patients, the supplementation of omega-3 PUFA from flaxseed and fish oils significantly impacts on plasma lipid profile of patients with NASH. Plasma increase of these PUFAs was associated with better liver histology. (ID 01992809)