Reduction of Foveal Avascular Zone After Vitrectomy Demonstrated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Purpose To investigate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy on foveal circulation, and in particular the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This was a prospective, non-randomized, comparative case series of patients that underwent vitrectomy. Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients that underwent vitrectomy were studied postoperatively by OCTA. Our patients underwent 23 or 25G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for any posterior segment pathology. Three-dimensional OCTAs (DRI Triton Swept Source OCT; Topcon) of the capillary plexus were obtained three months post-operatively. The FAZ measurements of the fellow eyes were used as controls. Main outcome measures Change in FAZ area between vitrectomized eyes and controls. Results From a total of 26 patients, 17 underwent vitrectomy due to retinal detachment (RD). Almost all patients demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in FAZ size based on the OCTA measurements. Τhe mean difference in FAZ size for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was -93.77 ± 71.73 μm and for the deep capillary plexus (DCP) -88.87 ± 75.41 μm, both statistically significant (p=0.000), while the amount of reduction in μm was the same for both SCP and DCP. Conclusion The foveal avascular zone seems to be reduced following vitrectomy as shown by optical coherence tomography angiography. It is postulated that this may be the result of changes in the physiology of the vitrectomized eye, and that this change should be attributed to the removal of the vitreous itself rather than other structures such as the internal limiting membrane.