Chapter 6 – Treatment Options

Aneurysms-Osteoarthritis syndrome (AOS), caused by SMAD3 gene mutations, predisposes patients to aggressive and widespread cardiovascular disease and early-onset osteoarthritis. Because this syndrome has only been discovered recently and the full spectrum of the disease is not entirely elucidated yet, inevitably current clinical recommendations are mainly based on expert consensus. Several aspects of the multidisciplinary treatment for patients with AOS are outlined in the various subchapters following this chapter.