Effects of the moment of inertia on the energy dissipation and convection motion of particles in a horizontally vibrated monolayer

Abstract Convection and energy dissipation in a horizontally vibrated granular systems is an indispensable phenomenon of nature due to its importance in fields of engineering development. A monolayer of granular particles of size d= 8.00 ± 0.02 mm with density ρ= 1.6 g/cm 3 is filled in a rectangular container of size L x = 25 cm, L y = 25 cm, L z  = 18 cm and vibrated horizontally with 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz frequencies; the dimensionless acceleration Γ varies from 0.8 to 1.4. Four different regions namely the Solid Region, Cluster Region, Gassy Region and Empty Region, as well as a 3D state when particles jump from one corner of the container, were observed in the experiment. The moment of inertia played a significant role in the energy dissipation and convection motion. We relate the moment of inertia with the angular momentum L and the linear velocity v t of the particles as I∝(Lv t  ). Convection motion can be observed when the product of the angular momentum and linear velocity (Lv t ) ˃ 2.24X10 4  gcm 3 /s 2 and the dimensionless acceleration Г ≥ 1.2. There is no effect of frequency on the 3D state; this state depends only on the dimensionless acceleration Г.