Review of trends policies and programmes affecting nutrition and health in Egypt (1970-1990).

This report reviews the health and nutritional status of Egyptians during 1970-90 as part of a series of UNICEF reviews and outlines and critically examines major trends in health and nutrition the socioeconomic setting the determinants of health and nutritional status. The main findings indicate declines in infant and maternal mortality. Acute and chronic malnutrition improved in urban Lower and Upper Egypt. Rural Upper Egypt lagged behind in socioeconomic and health indicators. Nutritional status significantly improved among children aged 12-23 months. Cairo school children improved in height and weight. Infant and child mortality improvements were still high compared to developing countries. Rates varied by socioeconomic status. High levels of socioeconomic development in urban areas were related to improved health status. Chronic undernutrition or stunting was pervasive. Maternal nutritional deficiencies were associated with the prevalence of low birth weight. Anemia was more prevalent in rural Upper Egypt and among low socioeconomic groups in urban areas and rural mothers. Food availability was comparable to developed countries but food self-sufficiency was declining. Decreased food subsidies led to increased food costs. Energy and protein deficiency was more prevalent in low income urban areas. Per capita intake of energy and animal protein were significantly related to low levels of education and income and higher family size. Health services were unequally distributed. Family health history was affected by traditions and other factors.