Risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: a matched case–control study

Results: One hundred and six patients were included in our study (53 cases and 53 controls). Mortality was 30.1% and 33.9% for patients with CRKp and CSKp infections, respectively (P 5 0.83). Bivariable analysis showed that exposure to anti-pseudomonas penicillins (P 5 0.004), carbapenems (P 5 0.01), quinolones (P < 0.001) and glycopeptides (P < 0.001), as well as admission to the intensive care unit (P 5 0.002), tracheostomy (P 5 0.02), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P 5 0.04), surgery with use of foreign body (P 5 0.04) and mechanical ventilation (P 5 0.02) were associated with CRKp infection. The multivariable analysis showed that exposure to fluoroquinolones [odds ratio (OR) 4.54, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.78–11.54, P 5 0.001] and exposure to antipseudomonal penicillins (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.00–6.71, P 5 0.04) were independent risk factors for CRKp infections.