Acute oral toxicity test and assessment of combined toxicity of cadmium and aflatoxin B1 in kunming mice

Abstract Cadmium and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) are both common and widespread pollutants in food and feed. There are several reports on toxicity induced by Cadmium or AFB 1 alone, but few address the toxicity caused by co-exposure to the two substances. In this study, 42 female and 42 male Kunming (KM) mice were divided into seven groups to test the acute oral toxicity of CdCl 2 and AFB 1 , using Karber's method. The combined toxicity was assessed using the Keplinger evaluation system. Acute toxicity symptoms, deaths, and body and organ weights were evaluated, and hematological, blood biochemical, and histopathological analyses were conducted. The results revealed the following median lethal doses (LD 50 ): LD 50(Female KM mice)  = 62.56 mg/kg; LD 50(Male KM mice)  = 48.79 mg/kg; LD 50(KM mice) =55.27 mg/kg. The combined toxicity of AFB 1 and CdCl 2 showed an additive effect in mice, and an increase in the mixed dose of AFB 1 and CdCl 2 resulted in greater toxicity. These results demonstrated that the combined toxicity of AFB 1 and CdCl 2 was greater than the toxicities of the individual components in mice; thus, this may cause particular challenges when addressing these hazards in food and feed and the associated risk to human and animal health.