Elevated CO2 concentrations alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought on physiology and growth of cassava plants.

Abstract Due to the rise in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, the earth's climate is expected to change, with precipitation being reduced in some areas resulting in growth-limiting drought and, as a consequence, reduced plant productivity. We investigated the physiological and growth responses of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) to approximate present-day ambient (390 μL L −1 ) and elevated (750 μL L −1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentrations under well-watered and water deficit conditions, aiming at understanding how cassava would face those problems. Water deficits led to reductions in the Leaf Elongation Rate of plants grown at ambient as well as CO 2 -enriched concentrations. However, plants grown at 750 μL L −1 of CO 2 maintained leaf growth two days longer than plants grown at 390 μL L −1 . Three Days After Withholding Water (DAWW), photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were reduced in plants grown under ambient CO 2 , while in plants under an elevated CO 2 concentration, these physiological functions remained similar to that of control plants grown under good water availability. Five DAWW plants grown with 750 μL L −1 continued to have enhanced gas exchange compared with plants grown under 390 μL L −1 . Under drought stress, the instantaneous transpiration efficiency was always greatest for plants grown under elevated CO 2 . The positive response of elevated CO 2 levels on total dry mass was 61% in the water-stressed plants and only 20% for the plants grown under good water availability. Stomatal limitation was an important factor reducing CO 2 assimilation in cassava growing under drought conditions.