Overview of Biometric Traits

In the present era of the technological advancement revolution, biometrics has become of paramount importance in the field of identification of physiological characteristics of individuals such as the face, fingerprint, iris, and palmprint or behavioral traits like voice, and signature for the identification and verification of an individual. As a more reliable alternative to password-based protection measures, biometric authentication is growing in popularity as it is reasonably hard to forget, hack, or guess compared to PIN, ID cards in authentication. This paper is an overview of many previous studies on biometrics traits that aim at improving the potentiality of systems to handle weak quality and missing data of users, obtaining scalability to manage a huge database of users, ensuring interoperability, and defending user privacy against attacks. The focus here is on the models where a combination of more than one biometric, i.e., a fusion of biometrics or multimodal biometric traits, are utilized to achieve a high robust authentication of the system during the feature matching.