Differential behavior between S100A9 and adiponectin in coronary artery disease. Plasma or epicardial fat

Abstract Aims S100A9 is a new inflammatory marker associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Because epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an inflammatory source in coronary artery disease (CAD), our aim was to evaluate the S100A9 levels in plasma and EAT and its association with CAD. Main methods Blood, EAT and/or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained from 89 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Plasma S100A9 and adiponectin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mRNA expression in both fat pads and were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Key findings Our results have shown higher levels of plasma S100A9 in patients with CAD than those without (29 [10–50] vs. 17 [3–28] ng/mL; p = 0.007). They were dependent on the number of injured-coronaries (p = 0.002) with tendency toward negative association with plasma adiponectin (p = 0.139). Although EAT expressed higher levels than SAT and their levels were higher in CAD patients, this last difference did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a positive correlation between neutrophils and EAT S100A9 expression (p = 0.007) that may reveal an increase of neutrophil filtration on this fat pad. Significance Plasma S100A9 levels are increased in chronic CAD. The absence of differences regarding EAT S100A9 expression levels indicates a differential inflammatory process between fat tissues and blood in CAD process.