Preliminary hydrogeophysical investigation at the 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, by 1D and 2D inversion of VES data
2016
Electrical resistivity survey in the form of vertical electrical sounding was conducted at the 10th of
Ramadan City, Egypt, to analyse subsurface lithology distribution and the inter-relation between the
possible infiltrated wastewater from oxidation ponds and the surface seepage emerged at the city
centre. Special interest was paid for tracing the low-resistivity clayey layer, which can act as a barrier
against surface water percolation and as a low permeable zone to form local perched water system.
Vertical electrical sounding data by Schlumberger electrode configuration were taken at 17 stations
along a line extended from the city centre to the oxidation ponds used for wastewater treatment. The
data were inverted by using 1D and 2D inversion schemes to construct geoelectrical cross section
along the surveyed line. The geoelectrical layers were interpreted principally in terms of lithology and
water content by correlation with borehole information. From the obtained results, four layers were
identified in the subsurface medium. The upper three layers are located above the regional water table,
whereas the fourth one was interpreted to be fully water saturated. The second layer from the surface
is of great importance as it is the low-resistivity clayey layer. This layer is discontinuous along the
survey line. Downward infiltration of wastewater from the oxidation ponds is possible especially at the
pond No. 2 as the clayey layer was interpreted not to exist at the site. The infiltrated wastewater from
the oxidation ponds was interpreted not to be the cause of the surface seepage emerged at the city
centre because the clayey layer dips toward opposite direction. The probable sources of the seepage
were considered the local surface infiltration from excess irrigation water in the nearby cultivated land
and/or leakage from the underground water utilities in the city centre.
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