Increase thermal conductivity of aqueous mixture by additives graphene nanoparticles in water via an experimental/numerical study: Synthesise, characterization, conductivity measurement, and neural network modeling

Abstract Graphene is a flexible and transparent conductor which can be used in varied material-apparatus applications, counting solar cells, phones, touch panels, and light-emitting diodes (LED). In the current experiment, Graphene preparation by Top-down method and stability of Graphene-Water nanofluid studied. Then, as the main aim, thermal conductivity (TC) of few-layered Graphene measured and numerically modeled. To analysis Microstructural observation and Phase study of nanoparticles, XRD, DLS, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and TEM applied. Also, to read the stability of nanofluid, UV–Vis, Zeta-potential and DSC-TG applied. The range of Thermal conductivity test for mass fraction was 1.0–4.5 mg/ml, and for temperature was 25–50 °C. More than three months for nanofluid stability confirmed by stability tests. More ever, the thermal stability test for 1.0 mg/ml nanofluid confirmed its operational temperature range up to 1000 °C. Thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) of 31.08%, measured at 4.5 mg/ml mass fraction at 50 °C temperature. To compute nanofluid's TC, the numerical study by new correlation (including 2.19% utmost deviation) and an Artificial neural network with R2 = 0.999 modeled. As a result, Graphene-Water nanofluid is stable, and in thermal systems, it has agreeable heat transfer potential.