Physiology and Motility of the Normal and Replaced Esophagus

The esophagus serves as a conduit between the pharynx and the stomach. The normal esophagus has three functional regions including the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), esophageal body, and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Each region has its specific function, and any disruption to these areas can compromise the esophageal motility. Various etiologies contribute to esophageal dysmotility, which may require surgical intervention. Common surgical disorders include esophageal atresia, severe peptic and caustic strictures, anastomotic strictures, achalasia, and other rare esophageal disorders. Here we cover the normal esophageal physiology and motility pattern and summarize common dysmotility patterns for associated surgical disorders.